第1篇 北京旅游导游词
阅读小贴士：本篇共计1113个字，预计看完需要3分钟，共有195位用户收藏，20人推荐！
各位朋友：现在，我们来到了天安门广场 ，我先为大家做一个简单的介绍，天安门广场是目前世界上最大的城市中心广场，它位于北京市区的中心.天安门广场呈长方形，南北长880米，东西宽500米，总面积 44万平方米。如果人们肩并肩地站在广场上，整个广场可容纳100万人，就是说全北京总人口的1/13都可以同时站在这里，够大的吧!
在明清时期广场可没有这么大，当时它呈“t ”字形，“t”字的那一横就是我们今天的长安街，那一竖就是从现在的国旗杆前至毛主席纪念堂前的这一长条形区域，在这一区域的两侧是按文东武西的格局分布着 当时政府机关。解放后，原来广场两侧的建筑被拆除，从而形成了今天广场的基本格局。
在天安门广场的四周，有很多著名的 建筑，现在我为大家以顺时针方向做一个简单介绍，就让我们以广场西侧的人民大会堂开始吧!人民大会堂位于天安门广场西侧，是全国人民代表参政、议政、举行 重大会议，当家作主行使主权的地方，建成于1959年，最高处46.5米，是现在广场上的最高建筑。整个大会堂由三部分组成，南部为人大常委会办公楼，中部为万人 大会堂，北端是国宴大厅，整座建筑自设计到完工只用了10个月，是我国建筑史上的一个奇迹。
在广场的北端是大家都很熟悉 的天安门城楼，它是新中国的象征，就是在天安门城楼上，1949年10月1日毛主席向全世界人民庄严宣告，“中华人民共和国成立了!中国人民从此站起来了!”：
广场的东侧矗立着中国历史博物馆及中国革 命博物馆，完工于1959年，那里是收藏并展览中国古代、近代历史文物及革命文物 的主要场所。
在人民英雄纪念碑的南面是毛主席纪念堂，原来在那里曾有一座门，明代叫大明门，清代叫大清门，民国时又改为中华门，解放后拆除，1976年毛主席逝世后在其基址上建起了庄严肃穆的毛主席 纪念堂。纪念堂建成于1977年，是为纪念伟大领袖毛主席而建，现在毛主席的遗体安然地躺在水晶棺中，供人们凭吊、瞻仰、表达深深的敬意。
广场的正中，巍巍耸立着中国第一碑——人 民英雄纪念碑，它是为了纪念那些自1840年鸦片战争至1949年中华人民共和国成立这一百多年来为中华民族的独立及自由而抛头颅、洒热血的人民英雄们而建。整座 纪念碑高37.94米，座落在双层基座之上，碑座四周镶嵌有八幅汉白玉浮雕，反映了中国近百年革命历史。纪念碑的背面是毛主席起草，周总理手书的碑文，正面是毛 主席亲笔题写的“人民英雄永垂不朽”八个镏金大字。
天安门广场是中国近代革命的见证人，反帝 反封建的五四运动、三˙一八惨案、一二˙九都发生在这里。天安门广场也是新中国诞生的见证人，更是今天人民幸福生活的见证人。现在，它已被全国人民评为“ 中国第一景”，每天都有来自海内外的朋友们到此参观游览。
好!不多说啦!各位一定想在这里照几张相 吧?现在就请各位自由拍照，10分钟后我们在北面国旗杆处集合，谢谢大家!
第2篇 北京旅游导游词
阅读小贴士：本篇共计1278个字，预计看完需要4分钟，共有264位用户收藏，20人推荐！
北京旅游英语导游词范文
导语：导游词是导游人员引导游客观光游览时的讲解词，是导游员同游客交流思想，向游客传播文化知识的工具，也是应用写作研究的文体之一。以下是小编整理北京旅游英语导游词范文，以供参考。
ladies and gentlemen:
welcome to the great wall. starting out in the east on the banks of the yale river in leaning province, the wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to jiayuguan in the gobi desert, thus known as the ten thousand li wall in china. the wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the yanshan and yinshan mountain chains through five provinces——liaoning, hebei, shan_i, shaan_i, and gansu and two autonomous regions——ning_ia and inner mongolia, binding the northern china together.
historical records trace the construction of the origin of the wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 b.c. during the reign of king cheng of the states of chu. its construction continued throughout the warring states period in the fifth century b.c. walls, then, was built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments. later in 221 b.c. the most e_tensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the ming dynasty (1368——1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the ming dynasty wall that visitors see today.
the great wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with shan_i province as the dividing line. the west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. in the eastern part, the core of the wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. the most imposing and best preserved sections of the great wall are at badaling and mutianyu, not far from beijing and both are open to visitors.
the wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast. two-storied watch-towers are built at appro_imately 400-meters internals. the top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. the highest watch-tower at badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven".
there stand 14 major passes (guan, in chinese) at places of strategic importance along the great wall, the most important being shanghaiguan and jiayuguan. yet the most impressive one is juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of beijing.
known as "tian _ia di yi guan" (the first paunder heaven), shanghaiguan pais situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north china with the northeast. it had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. it was the gate of shanghaiguan that the ming general wu sangui opened to the manchu army to supprethe peasant rebellion led by li zicheng and so surrendered the whole ming empire to the manchus, leading to the foundation of the qing dynasty. (1644-1911)
as a cultural heritage, the wall belongs not only to china but to the world. the venice charter says: "historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." the great wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. in 1987, the wall was listed by unesco as a world cultural heritage site.
第3篇 北京旅游导游词
阅读小贴士：本篇共计16206个字，预计看完需要41分钟，共有211位用户收藏，27人推荐！
北京颐和园英语导游词范文
good morning ladies and gentlemen:
my name is __. i’m very honored to be youre guide. i do hope all of you could like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. this morning we are going to visit the summer palace. the summer palace is located on the northwest suburbs of beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of the city. so it will take us about 1 hour to get there. before we arrived at the summer palace, i would like to introduce you a brief introduction of the woderful imperial garden. the summer palace is the most beautiful and the largest imperial garden e_isting in chinan, and it is the best-preserved imperial garden in the world. in 1998, it was placed on the list of world cultural heritage by the unesco.
the summer palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of 12th century in the jin dynasty. the construction continued to the yuan and ming dynasties. in the qing dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached its culmination. during emperor qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘three hills and five gardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of beijing. the summer palace was a part of it and at that time was called the garden of clear ripples. in 1860, the anglo-french allied forces invaded beijing. the ‘three hills and five gardens’ were burnt down to ashes.
in 1888, the empress dowager ci_i spent the navy fund having the garden of clear ripples rebuilt. and then she renamed it the garden of nurtured harmony (summer palace).
in 1900, the allied forces of eight powers invaded beijing. the summer palace was once again severely damaged. it was rebuilt again in 1902.
in 1924, the last emperor puyi was driven out of the palace, after that, the summer palace was turned into a public park.
ladies and gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an archway. it is called “emptiness and the collection of e_cellence”, and it is the first scenery of the summer palace. the two chinese words on the front side of the archway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. the two words on the back side mean collection of e_cellence and refer to the tranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.
(outside the east palace gate)
now, we have arrived at the east palace gate. it’s the main entrance of the summer palace. on top of the gate there is a plaque with three chinese characters ‘the summer palace’ in emperor guang_u’s handwriting. the gate that we are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the old days.
(inside the east palace gate)
now we are inside the summer palace. in front of us is the second gate of the summer palace— the gate of benevolence and longevity. the anne_ halls on both sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the privy council. well, before we start our tour in the garden, i will briefly introduce you the layout of the summer palace and our tour route. o.k., ladies and gentlemen, may i have your attention please? let’s look at the map together, from it we can see the summer palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies the three-fourths. the whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was for political activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and end off the marble boat. on the way, we will visit the main constructions of the summer palace, such as the hall of jade ripples, the hall of happiness and longevity, the long corridor, the hall of dispelling clouds and so on. it will take us about two hours to visit the summer palace. please attention, we won’t walk back and our driver will pick us up at the north gate. should you get lost or separated from the group, please meet us at the north gate.
ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the hall of benevolence and longevity. follow me please.
(inside the courtyard of the benevolence and longevity)
passing through the gate of benevolence and longevity, we have already entered the courtyard of the hall of benevolence and longevity. the huge rock in front of us is taihu rock. it was quarried from taihu lake in jiangsu province, so it was known as taihu rock. please look around the courtyard and you can see there are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard, representing the four seasons of the year. the taihu rocks are usually used as decoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak and penetration in characters.
the bronze mythical animal behind the taihu rock is known as suanni or some people call it qilin. according to ancient chinese mythology, the dragon had nine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. suanni was one of the nine sons of the dragon. it was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits in ancient lengeds. suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hooves of o_ and the tail of lion.
(in front of the hall of benevolence and longevity)
this grand hall is the hall of benevolence and longevity. it was first built in 1750. the name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘lun yu’ by confucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.” this hall was the place where emperor guang_u and empress dowager ci_i held audience and handled state affairs when they were in the summer palace. for protecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. so i would like to briefly introduce you the decorations in the hall of benevolence and longevity. the arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. in the middle of the hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. there are two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacock feathers. behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame and glass mirror inlaid. on the mirror there are 226 chinese characters of the word ‘longevity’ written in different styles. there are two scrolls on each side of the wall with a big chinese character ‘longevity’ written on it. it was said that the word ‘longevity’ written by empress dowager ci_i. there are 100 bats painted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.
well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of a dragon and a phoeni_ in front of the hall. they were used to burn incense sticks to create the appropriate atmosphere. in the old days, the dragon and phoeni_ were the symbol of the emperor and empress. according to ritual, the dragons should be placed in the center while phoeni_es were to either side in front of the hall.however, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoeni_es are in the middle. this was a product of the end of qing dynasty when empress dowager ci_i handled state affairs behind the screen.
(at the entrance of garden of virtuour harmony)
we are now visiting the garden of virtuous harmony, where emperor qianlong and empress dowager ci_i were entertained with bejing opera performances. it mainly consists of the dressing house, the grand theater building and the hall of pleasure smile. the grand theater building was known as the ‘cradle of beijing opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. there are 7 e_hibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.
(in front of the grand theater building)
this is the grand theater building. of the three main theater buildings of the qing dynasty, the grand theater building is the tallest and largest one. the other two are changyin pavilion in the forbidden city and qingyin pavilion in the mountain resort in chengde. the grand theater building, a three-storied structure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. it is 21 meters high and 17 meters wide. performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. the top one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and the bottom stage was named longevity stage. each level has the entrance and the e_it. there are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestial being’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to set off a certain atmosphere on the stage. there is also a well and five ponds built under the stage for a good effect of water scenes. the stage is open to three sides.
well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the grand theater building, it’s the hall of pleasure smile. the empress dowager ci_i used bo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the peking opera.
(a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall of jade ripples)
we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the hall of benevolence and longevity. it appears that there’s nothing special ahead. however, after we clear the rockery, we will reach kunming lake. this is an application of a specific style of chinese
gardening.
now, we are walking along the bank of the kunming lake. look over there, not far away in the lake there is an islet. it’s called the spring heralding islet. the pavilion on the islet is called the spring heralding pavilion. a number of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. in early spring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms, willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has returned. hence the name ‘heralding sping pavilion’.
(in front of the hall of jade ripples)
this group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the hall of jade ripples. the words “jade ripples” came from a verse “gentle ripples gushing out of jade spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. it was first used by emperor qianlong to attend to state affairs. in the late qing dynasty, it was where emperor guang_u was put under house arrest.
this hall is a hallmark of the movement of 1898. emperor guang_u was emperor dowager ci_i’s nephew. after emperor tongzhi died, emperor dowager ci_i made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her hold on imperial power. she ‘handled state affairs behind the screen’. after emperor guang_u ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of 19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers. in 1898, the reform movement took place with the aim of sustaining the core principles of the qing dynasty while reforming outdated laws. the movement lasted for103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager ci_i. it was called the ‘hundred-day reform’. after the reform failed, emperor guang_u was put under house arrest here. for the strict control of him, empress dowager ci_i ordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and left of the hall of jade ripples. at that time the hall was entirely sealed up, just like a prison. today only the hidden walls in the east and west anne_ room still maintain its original appearance. it is open to visitors as the relic related to the 1898 reform movement.
(in front of the chamber of collecting books)
this is the chamber of collecting books. in chinese, it’s called “yi yun guang”. “yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. in ancient times, it was usually used as termite repellent in rooms where books were stored.in the emperor qianlong’s reign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. later it was converted into a residence. there used to be the residence of guang_u’s empress longyu, and his favorite concubine zhenfei.
(in the hall of happiness and longevity)
this group of courtyard is the hall of happiness and longevity. it was the major architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence of empress dowager ci_i. the whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting. with its quiet and tasteful layout, the hall of happiness and longevity made life very easy and convenient. in front of the hall of happiness and longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle of this courtyard named “qing zhi _iu” and nicknamed as “family bankruptcy rock”. this huge rock was discovered in fangshan district by a ming official mi wanzhong. he wanted to transport it to his own garden “shaoyuan”. in the old days, transporting such rock was very difficult. after spending all his money to ship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. the big rock was then left on the roadside somewhere near liang_iang county, 30 kilometers southwest of beijing. hence it was nicknamed “family bancruptcy rock”. later emperor qianlong discovered it and transported to the garden of clear ripples and laid in front of the hall of happiness and longevity. the colorful glass chandeliers hanging inside the hall was introduced from germany in 1903. it is one of the earliest electric lights in china.
(in front of the gate of inviting the moon of the long corridor)
ladies and gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in the world, such as the louvre in france and the museum of great britain. now i will show you a special gallery in the palace—the long corridor. in 1990, the long corridor was listed in the guinness book of world records as ‘the longest painted corridor’ in the world’. it would be a pity if we leave the summer palace without visiting the long corridor and the marble boat. now, here we go, the long corridor first!
(strolling along the long corridor)
the long corridor starts from the gate inviting the moon to the shizhang gate. it is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. the long corridor is one of the major structures of the summer palace. since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of longevity hill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( retaining the goodness pavilion, living with the ripples pavilion, autumn water pavilion, clear and far pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of a year. thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. as a major part of the architectural style of the summer palace, the long corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the lake and the hill. scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified comple_.
the long corridor is the longest covered veranda in any chinese garden. on the purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 suzhou style paintings. among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes of west lake in hangzhou, zhejiang province. beside the colorful paintings of natural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects, mythology and figures. the paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancient chinese classical literature, such as ‘pilgrimage to the west’, ‘the romance of the three kingdoms’, ‘the western chamber’, “water margin’, and ‘the dream of the red mansion’.
(in front of the gate of dispelling clouds)
now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope, the tower of buddhist incense within the hall of dispelling clouds. the central a_is line starts from the wharf ne_t to the lake to the sea of wisdom on top of the hill. the main architectural structures here are the gate of dispelling clouds, hall of dispelling clouds, tower of buddhist incense and the sea of wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. the layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in buddhist sutras. this group of structures are among the most magnificently constructed here in the summer palace. this is a good place to taking photos, we will stay here for about 15 minutes.
now we are walking continuely along the long corridor, the ne_t scene we are going to visit is marble boat.
look over there! halfway up the slope there stands the hall of listening to orioles. it was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and court music. it is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. before the garden of virtuous harmony was built, empress dowager ci_i enjoyed opera and music here. now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in china, featuring imperial dishes and desserts.
this is the famous marble boat. a famous scientist of china’s eastern han dynasty once said, “water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” a prime minister of tang dynasty wei zheng once used these words to persuade li shimin, the emperor of the tang dynasty. he said people are water and the emperor is the boat. people can support a good emperor. however, they also can overthrow the dynasty. emperor qianlong built this huge boat in the garden in order to make the allusion concrete. on one hand, emperor qianlong encouraged himself to run the country well. on the other hand, he wanted to show that his rule of the qing dynasty was as firm as the marble boat and there was no fear of overturning the boat. the marble boat was the place for emperor qianlong to sample tea and enjoy the scenery of kunming lake. emperor qianlong once came here to engage in the freeing of captive animals. in the times of qianlong, the marble boat was a chinese styled stone boat with a chinese style wooden superstructure on the top of it. when it was rebuilt in the times of guang_u, a foreign and chinese elements mi_ed resulting in two wheels to be added to the boat, one on each side. the floor was paved with colored bricks. all of the windows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. a big mirror was installed on the superstructure for viewing rain.
our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the marble boat. today we only visited the major scenic spots of the summer palace. i have left other spots of interest for your ne_t visit. i will now show you out through the ruyi gate. our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. i do hope you enjoyed today’s tour. thank you.
北京天安门英语导游词
tian’anmen( the gate of heavenly peace), is located in the center of beijing. it was first built in 1417 and named chengtianmen( the gate of heavenly succession). at the end of the ming dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. when it was rebuilt under the qing in 1651, it was renamed tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the imperial city, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. the southern sections of the imperial city wall still stand on both sides of the gate. the tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. according to the book of changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.
during the ming and qing dynasties, tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. the most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:
1) the minister of rites would receive the edict in taihedian( hall of supreme harmony), where the emperor was holding his court. the minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via taihemen( gate of supreme harmony)
2) the minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via wumen( meridian gate), to tian’anmen gate tower.
3) a courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. the civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.
4) the courtier would then put the edict in a phoeni_-shaped wooden bo_ and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. the document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the ministry of rites.
5) the edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.
such a process was historically recorded as “ imperial edict issued by golden phoeni_”.
during the ming and qing dynasties tian’anmen was the most important passage. it was this gate that the emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.
on the westside of tian’anmen stands zhongshanpark( dr. sun yat-sen’s park), and on the east side, the working people’s cultural palave. the park was formerly called shejitan( altar of land and grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the god of land. it was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the chinese democratic revolution.
the working people’s cultural palace used to be taimiao( the supreme ancestral temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.
the stream in front of tian’anmen is called waijinshuihe( outer golden river),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the e_clusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called yuluqiao( imperial bridge). the bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called wanggongqiao( royal’s bridges). farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named pinjiqiao( ministerial bridges). the remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called gongshengqiao( common bridges). they anr the one in front of the supreme ancestral temple to the east and the one in front of the altar of land and grain to the west.
the two stone lions by the gate of tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. they gaze toward the middle a_is, guarding the emperor’s walkway. in front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called huabiao. they are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. the story of huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. one of the versions accredits its invention to one of the chinese sage kings named yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to e_pose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.
the beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. he was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” wangjunhui”( e_pecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( e_pecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely.
in the old days, tian’anmen, as a part of the imperial city, was meant for important occasions. the two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration.
on october 1, 1949, chairman mao zedong proclaimed on tian’anmen rostrum the founding of the people’s republic of china. since then tian’anmen has been the symbol of new chinea. chairman mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” long live the great unity of the peoples of the world”. today , the splendour of tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. the rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. it offers a panoramic view of the square and the city proper.
tian’anmen square
situated due south of tian’anmen, the square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. it has witnessed may historical events in china’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international labour day on may 1st and national day on october 1st.
around the square are several famous buildings:
1 the great hall of the people
this is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing chang’an street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the standing committee of the national peoples’ congress of china in the south. in addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the central government, plus hong kong and macao. each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.
2 the museum of chinese history and the museum of the chinese revolution
these two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of chinese history houses a permanent e_hibition in four parts, covering the entire process of chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919:
1) the primitive society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century bc);
2) the slave society(21st century bc to 476 bc.);
3) the feudal society(475 bc. to 1840 ad.);
4) the semi-colonial and semi- fedual society(1840 to 1919.)
the museum of the chinese revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949.
3 the monument to the people’s heroes
the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the chinese people. its construction began on august 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. the purple piece inlaid in the front of the monument was brought from qingdao, shandong province. it is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of e_cellent architectural value.
on the front side of the monument is an engraved inscription in chinese characters written by chairman mao zedong, which reads” eternal glory to the people’s heroes!”. on the back of the monument is an article written by chairman mao, but in chinese calligraphy by the late premier zhou enlai.
at the top of the monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. at the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the chinese historic events since 1840. they are:
1) the burning of opium in 1840:
2) the uprising of 1851 in jintian, guang_i;
3) the revolution of 1911;
4) the may fourth movement of 1919;
5) the may 30th movement of 1925;
6) the uprising of 1927 in nanchang, jiang_i;
7) the war of resistance against japanese aggression from 1937 to 1945;
8) the victorious crossing over the yangtze river by the peoples’s liberation army in 1949. this relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ supplying the front” and “ greeting the p.l.a.”.
4 chairman mao’s mausoleum
chairman mao zedong, the founder of the people’s pepublic of china, passed away on sepember 9, 1976. in commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in november 1976, and was completes in august the following year. the mausoleum was officially opened on september 9, 1977.
the mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. east of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the new democratic revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. the sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children.
inside the mausoleum are three main sections: a white marble statue of chairman mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. on the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country.
in the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which chairman mao’s body lies stately with the communist party’s flag covering over him.
on the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by chairman mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. it e_presses his full great e_pectations for the country.
tian’ anmen square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the people’s republic in 1999.
北京十三陵英语导游词
he ming tombs are 40 kilometers north of beijing city on the southern slopes of tianshou mountain. they are the burial grounds of 13 ming dynasty emperors. in july 20__ the site was designated a world cultural heritage site by unesco.
empress _u died in the 5th year of yongle (1407). zhu di sent
zhao hong, secretary of the ministry of rites and a geomancer----liao junqing along with many others to beijing in search of an auspicious place for the tombs. it is said that this group of people first selected the area of tu jia ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as the burial ground. ne_t they selected the foot of yangshan mountain, changping. however, since the surname of the emperor (zhu) is a homophone for pig and because a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decided against using that area. later, they found yan-jiatai west of beijing. again, since yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemed unsuitable. it was not until the 7th year of yongle (1409), that they finally chose the present heavenly longevity mountain as their cemetery grounds.
the whole area covers 40 square kilometers. it has mountains to its east, west and north, and dragon mountain and tiger mountain are on either side of its southern entrance. the 13 tombs go from north to south. they are arranged in the manner of the imperial palace, with the administration area in the front and living quarters in the rear. in front of the tombs are divine passes, stone archways and steel towers. the precious city and ming tower stand over the underground palace.
there were 16 emperors during the ming dynasty. buried in the ming tombs, are 13 ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes, princesses and maids. the other 3 emperors, emperor zhu yuanzhang, zhu yunwen and zhu qiyu are buried in other locations.
the founder of the ming dynasty, zhu yuanzhang, established his capital in present day nanjing where he was buried after his death. his tomb is called _iaoling (tomb of filial piety).
the body of the second emperor of the ming, zhu yunwen, is missing. some said that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple and became a monk. there is no final conclusion yet.
the seventh ming emperor zhu qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elder brother zhu qizhen at jinshankou, a western suburb of beijing, because in the tumubao upheaval, emperor zhu qizhen became a captive and the younger brother of zhu qizhen. zhu qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later zhu qizhen was back and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the seizing gate upheaval.
the memorial arch was built in the 19th year of jiajing (1540) as a symbol of the ming tombs. it is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 arches supported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons and lotus flowers. the memorial arch is the biggest and the most e_quisite stone arch preserved in the country today. the major designs of dragon and cloud decorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. in addition, it also demonstrates the skillful artistry of the ming craftsmen.
the big palace gate is the front gate of the ming tombs, and is more commonly known as big red gate. facing south, there are three arch entrances to the gate, the main inlet to the ming tombs. flanking the gate are two stone tablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people to dismount, before entering into the tomb area. if they did not obey, they would be punished for their disrespect. the rules governing the ming tombs in the ming dynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood and break twigs would be flogged. those who came to fetch dirt and stone would be beheaded. those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged a hundred times.
the tablet house was built in the 10th year of _uande (1435), and stands about 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. a huge tablet stands in the middle of the tablet house. the front side bears an inscription by emperor renzong for chengzu. the reverse side is a poem by qing emperor qianlong recording in detail the conditions of the broken changling, yongling, dingling and _iling. on the east side is the record of e_penditures for repairing the ming tombs by the qing government. on the west side is an epitaph by qing emperor jiaqing. it was written in the 9th year of jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall of the ming dynasty.
on the north side of the tablet house, stands a group of stone carvings (36 in all). behind the house, there are two stone pillars. beyond the pillars are stone animals and other statues. lions, _ie zhi, camels, elephants, and qi lin horses .all of the animals are in two pairs. two stand, while the other two kneel. it is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials and officials of merit, four in each group. these stone animals and statues were made in the 10th year of _uande (1435). they reflect the imperial power when he was alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. the animals and statues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons and each was delicately and masterfully carved.
here stands ling _ing gate, also known as the unique dragon and phoeni_ gate, with the meaning of the gate of heaven. the gate is pierced with si_ door leaves, attached to three archways. the top of the central section of the three archways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as the flame archway. to the north of the dragon and phoeni_ gate there lays a seven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of changling. to the east of the seven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site of the seven-arch bridge.
actually we are standing on the a_le line of the ming tombs, otherwise known as the sacred way or the tomb path. we passed the memorial arch, the big palace gate, the tablet house, sacred way, stone animals and statues, and ling _ing gate. this seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north, all the way to the gate of changling.
now, we are moving to chang ling. changling is the first tomb built in the ming tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing emperor zhu di and his empress _u.
zhu di (chengzu) of the ming dynasty was the fourth son of the first emperor zhu yuanzhang, born in 1360. zhu di was conferred the title of the prince of yan in the 3rd year of hongwu (1370). he was appointed at beiping. after the death of zhu yuanzhang (the first ming emperor), zhu di used the prete_t of eliminating evil officials at the side of emperor jianwen to lead an army e_pedition down south to nanjing. he seized the throne in the 4th year of jianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in june inside the hall of ancestral worship in nanjing. zhu di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in the ming dynasty. as soon as he became the prince of yan, he led the generals out to battle. he had great achievements in calming down the north. after he took over his nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughout the country and consolidated the rule of the ming dynasty. he made the important decision to move the capital to beijing. during the rule of zhu di, magnificent developments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. in terms of culture, zhu di successively sent grand academician _ie jin, yan guang_iao and others to compile the yongle encyclopedia. the book has become the largest book ever complied in chinese history. for e_panding e_ternal e_changes and trade, zhu di selected eunuch zheng he to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold, silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast asia and africa seven times in the early years of yongle.
empress _u was buried together with emperor zhu di in changling. empress _ushi was the eldest daughter of _u da who was one of the founding fathers of the ming dynasty. throughout her lifespan, _u shi complied 20 articles of internal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoples minds. she was the very first one to be buried in changling and in the ming tomb area.
the hall of eminent favor in changling is the best preserved among the thirteen tombs. it is a valuable relic of ancient chinas wooden structures. it is nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in china. the roof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered with yellow glazed tiles. the hall is supported by 60 thick nanmu pillars, the middle four in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over one meter. it is known as the best nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.
now we are going to dinging. dingling is located at the east foot of dayu mountain. buried here are the 13th ming emperor wanli (zhu yijun) and his two empresses _iaoduan and _iaojing. zhu yijun was the longest on the throne of the ming emperors. (he was emperor for 48 years). he was the greediest and laziest emperor in the ming dynasty. zhu yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9. after he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister zhang juzheng. at this time, various aspects of society gained development.
later ,zhang juzheng died of illness. not long after wanli managed state affairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb site when he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. he spent eight million taels of silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and si_ years to build a high quality tomb dingling. after the dingling was completed, zhu yijun personally went to inspect it, and felt very satisfied with the result. he went so far as to hold a grand banquet in the underground palace, which was unheard of in history.
zhu yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. reflecting on his reign, he did not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. the state organ was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. later generations commented that the fall of the ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.
zhu yijun had two empresses. empress _iaojing was originally a maid of wanlis mother cisheng. later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. that son was the one-month emperor guangzong (zhu changluo). she died of illness 9 years earlier than shenzong died. she was buried as a concubine at pinggangdi, around the east pit, at the heavenly longevity mount. after _iaojing was conferred the title of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the underground palace of dingling, and buried together with emperor wanli and empress _iaoduan on the same day. _iaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could not give birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. _iaoduan died of illness. a hundred days later, emperor wanli (zhu yijun) died too. empress _iaoduan, emperor wanli, and empress _iaojing were buried together in the underground palace.
the tablet in front of dingling has no words on it. it is called the wordless tablet. there is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a pattern of sea waves carved on the bottom. its base is composed of a tortoise (bi_i). it is said that the dragon has nine sons. in twelve of the ming tombs, e_cluding changling, all the tablets are wordless. originally there were no tablet houses in front of the tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first si_ tombs were completed. but the emperor jiajing at the time indulged in drinking, lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention on the inscriptions. consequently the si_ tablets are wordless. and in keeping with this tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.
now we are arriving at the gate of eminent favor and the hall of eminent favor of dingling, the hall of eminent favor is also called hall of enjoyment. it was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificial rites. they were mostly destroyed when the qing soldiers came. and they were destroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.
moving on, this is the e_hibition rooms that were built after the e_cavation of the underground palace. the e_hibition e_plains in detail the history of the tomb master and introduces the tomb e_cavation process. the e_hibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. in the south room, on display are the sacrificial objects of emperor wanli unearthed from the underground palace. in the north room, on display are the sacrificial items of the two empresses. all of then are fancy and invaluable.
now we arrive at the soul tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. it is a stone structure with colorful painted decorations. the soul tower and the precious citadel of dingling have never been damaged seriously. the soul tower is the best preserved architecture above the ground of dingling. on top of the yellow, glazed tiled roof of the soul tower sits a big stone tablet. two chinese characters----dingling, are carved on the tablet. inside the soul tower, on top of another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the great ming written in seal characters. on the body of the tablet, seven chinese characters-----tomb of emperor shenzong _ian are carved. the soul tower is connected with the precious citadel. the precious citadel is a large round wall built with bricks. the precious citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upper part is thin. the round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wall is a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as precious top.
dingling is the only ming tomb to be e_cavated. formal e_cavation work started in may 1956 and ended in 1958. first, the working personnel discovered an e_posed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the precious citadel of dingling. so they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. at the bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. three months later, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the soul tower, they dug the second tunnel. during the digging, they encountered with a stone tablet which inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies the precious wall. therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up the underground palace.
according to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the third tunnel, they found a stone tunnel. at last they got to the precious wall. thus they opened the precious wall with a square stone room. to the west end of the room, lay two marble doors. the working personnel used a wire and wood plank to remove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. with this method, they opened the entrance of the underground palace.
the palace has no beam which was built according to the principles of geomancy altogether there are five chambers. the chambers are separated by seven marble doors. the underground palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of 1,195 square meters. there is a same structure stone door in between the front, middle and rear chambers. the door is made of marble. the biggest marble door is 3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. it looks heavy, but it is reasonably designed. the pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door a_le, so the door is easy to open and close. on top of the door is a lintel (made of bronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. carved on the front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals with rings in their mouths. located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is a protruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.
the front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. the floor is covered with gold bricks. according to records, the gold bricks are smooth and durable. the more you polish them, the brighter they become. there are no decorations in the front and two anne_ chambers. in the middle chamber, there are three marble thrones for emperor wanli and his two empresses, known as the precious thrones. in the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazed offerings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of jiajing years style with a cloud-and-dragon design. it is about 0.7 meters in diameter. originally there was sesame oil in the jar. on the surface of the oil was a copper tube with a wick inside. it is called the everlasting lamp. due to the lack of o_ygen, the light went out so the oil had not been used all.
the rear chamber is the biggest of the three. it is 9.5 meters high, 31 meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. in the rear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. placed on the platform are the coffins of emperor wanli and his two empresses as well as 26 vermilion bo_es filled with funeral objects.
in the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filled with soil called gold well. putting jade stone around the coffin or inside the coffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. ancient people believed gold well was the pit of geomancy. it could prevent the body from decay for a long time. being buried with jade on a gold well was the highest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.
originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber. then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as the emperors? in 1620, first empress _iaoduan died in april, then in july emperor wanli also died. after that, the son of zhu changluo died 29 days after his succession. in only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died in succession. in addition they had removed empress _iaojings coffin to dingling. all the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned emperor zhu youjian. the preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearly recorded in historical documents). the rainy season had already arrived before the funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress anne_ chamber may not have been convenient to open. so the coffins of the emperor, empresses all entered the underground palace through the front entrance. after the coffins entered the underground palace, since the passage to the anne_ chambers were narrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. so they had to put all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.
now please follow me out of the underground palace. and our tour for today is completed. i hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable. we now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at 4:00pm. thank you.
第4篇 北京旅游导游词
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tian’anmen rostrum
tian’anmen( the gate of heavenly peace), is located in the center of beijing. it was first built in 1417 and named chengtianmen( the gate of heavenly succession). at the end of the ming dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. when it was rebuilt under the qing in 1651, it was renamed tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the imperial city, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. the southern sections of the imperial city wall still stand on both sides of the gate. the tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. according to the book of changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.during the ming and qing dynasties, tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. the most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:
1) the minister of rites would receive the edict in taihedian( hall of supreme harmony), where the emperor was holding his court. the minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via taihemen( gate of supreme harmony)
2) the minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via wumen( meridian gate), to tian’anmen gate tower.
3) a courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. the civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.
4) the courtier would then put the edict in a phoeni_-shaped wooden bo_ and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. the document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the ministry of rites.
5) the edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.
such a process was historically recorded as “ imperial edict issued by golden phoeni_”.during the ming and qing dynasties tian’anmen was the most important passage. it was this gate that the emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.
北京长城英文导游词 ·岳阳楼英文导游辞 ·重庆英文导游词 ·西藏英文导游词
the stream in front of tian’anmen is called waijinshuihe( outer golden river),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the e_clusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called yuluqiao( imperial bridge). the bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called wanggongqiao( royal’s bridges). farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named pinjiqiao( ministerial bridges). the remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called gongshengqiao( common bridges). they anr the one in front of the supreme ancestral temple to the east and the one in front of the altar of land and grain to the west.
the two stone lions by the gate of tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. they gaze toward the middle a_is, guarding the emperor’s walkway. in front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called huabiao. they are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. the story of huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. one of the versions accredits its invention to one of the chinese sage kings named yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to e_pose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.
第5篇 北京旅游导游词
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三陵是明朝十三代皇帝及皇后之陵墓的简称，在北京西北约44公里的昌平县天寿山下的小盆地上，面积约40平方公里。从德胜门驱车直下，向北经沙河、昌平就可到达十三陵了。
十三座墓陵的建筑布局、规制等基本相同，只在面积大小、建筑繁简等方面略有差异。其中明成祖朱棣所葬之墓——长陵，是十三陵中规模最大的。长陵建于明永乐十一年(1420xx年)，陵内有主要建筑棱恩殿、明楼和宝顶。棱恩殿为我国现存形体最大的一座木结构建筑。定陵是明神宗朱翊均的安寝之地，是十三陵中唯一被发掘的陵墓，著名的十三陵地下宫殿就在这里。定陵修建于万历十二年(1584年)，规模宏大，仅当年役使的军卒、工匠就达三万余人。地下宫殿的发掘，出土了大量珍贵的文物，成为研究明代历史的宝贵资料。另一座明陵——永陵，是明世宗朱厚聪的陵寝，其规模虽不及长陵，但构造精美细致，其主要建筑明楼，为十三陵建筑之冠。
十三陵除以上景点供游人观览外，还有著名的石牌楼(为我国最大的古石坊)及造型细腻、栩栩如生的石象生。1958年修建的十三陵水库，更给十三陵增添了新的光彩，成为夏季旅游的好去处。十三陵第九号皇陵——昭陵，也从1985年开始修复，1989年11月1日修复完毕，对外开放。十三陵为1961年国务院公布的第一批全国重点文物保护单位之一。
第6篇 北京旅游导游词
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大家好，我是你们的导游，你们也可以叫我小泽，你们眼前的就是万里长城。我感到非常荣幸!那么我们就开始长城之旅吧!
那我来为你们介绍一下万里长城，万里，万里长城是有垛子、了望台、射口、堡垒。了望口是观察敌人的情况的，射口是射击用的，堡垒是保护好人的因为堡垒很坚固。
站在长城上，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石很自然的想起古代修筑长城的劳动人们来。当看这数不清的条石，一块有两千斤重，那时候没有火车，汽车，没有期中机，就靠着无数的肩膀和手，一布一步的抬上这峭的山岭。多少劳动人们的血汗和智慧，才凝结这前不见头、后不见尾的万长城。
这样气魄雄伟地工程，在世界历史上是一个伟大的奇迹。
第7篇 北京旅游导游词
阅读小贴士：本篇共计864个字，预计看完需要3分钟，共有219位用户收藏，17人推荐！
八达岭长城位于北京延庆县南部，在北京城区的西北方向，距市中心75公里。
八达岭长城是我国古代伟大的防御工程万里长城的一部分，建于明代弘治十八年(1520xx年)，明嘉靖、万历年间曾加以修葺该段长城地势险峻，居高临下，是明代重要的军事关隘 和首都北京的重要屏障。
八达岭长城碗蜒于崇山峻岭之间，依山而建，高低起伏， 曲折绵延。八达岭位于居庸关外口，有东、西两座关门，东叫“居庸外镇”，西称“北门锁钥”。关城东窄西宽，长城从“北门钥 锁”关门城合台起依山而筑，城墙高低不一，平均高约7.5米，顶宽约6米，可容五马并驰，十人并行。该段长城的墙体是用整 齐巨大的条石铺成，有的条石长达2米，重数百斤。内部填满泥土和石块，墙顶地面铺满方砖，十分平整。墙顶外侧筑有高 1.7米的垛口，上有了望孔，下有射击洞，内侧建有宇墙。城墙每隔一段，筑有一个堡垒式的方形城台。城台有高有低，高的 叫敌搂，是守望和军士住宿的地方;低的叫墙台，高度与城墙 相差不多但突出墙外，四周有垛口，是巡逻放哨的地方。在制 高点上还设有烟墩，即烽火台，是古代传递警讯的设施。
从1995年10月1日起，每个周末八达岭长城从南至北四烽火台的1200米距离内，650盏彩色泛光灯同时亮起迷人的灯光。每日晚上18点30分至21点30分，对游人开放。
万里长城，人类的巨著!
中华之魂!八达岭长城史称天下九塞之一，是万里长城的精华和杰出代表。
八达岭长城是万里长城向游人开放最早的地段，八达岭景区以八达岭长城为主，兴建了八达岭饭店、全周影院和由-主席亲笔题名的中国长城博物馆等功能齐全的现代化旅游服务设施，被评为中国旅游胜地四十佳之首和北京旅游的"世界之最"。作为"世界文化遗产"，八达岭景区以其宏伟的景观、完善的设施和深厚的文化历史内涵而著称于世。
八达岭地理环境优越，自古以来就是通往山西、内蒙、张家口的交通要道。98年，八达岭高速公路建成通车，交通十分便利。而且，八达岭的年平均气温比北京低3 ℃以上，成为"夏都"延庆的旅游龙头。
迄今，八达岭长城已接待中外游客1.2亿多人次,370多位外国元首及世界风云人物在此留下足迹。
第8篇 北京旅游导游词
阅读小贴士：本篇共计1350个字，预计看完需要4分钟，共有300位用户收藏，20人推荐！
各位游客：
大家好!欢迎大家到八达岭景区观光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起参观，我很高兴，望各能在八达岭度过一段美好的时光。
长城是世界闻名的奇迹之一，它像一条巨龙盘踞在中国北方的辽阔的土地上。它是中国古代劳动人民血法的结晶，也是中国古代文化的象征和中华民族的骄傲。
游客们，我们已经来到了着名的八达岭长城，您向远处看，可以发现这里的长城分为南、北两峰，蜿蜒于山脊之上，龙腾虎跃、气象万千，景色十分壮观。往下面看是有两个门洞和u字形的城墙缎怕谳瓮城。在瓮城墙上内外两面都有垛口墙，四面拒敌。倘若敌人攻破关门涌入城内，将受到四面守城将围歼，敌人如落瓮中。瓮城是长城的一个重要组成部分。它一般都建在地形险要的交通要道上。八达岭的瓮城也不例外。建在山脊上，受地形限制，依山就势，东低西高，东窄西宽，仅有5000平方米。瓮城内无井，水源缺乏，平常驻兵不多，守城部队驻在西北三里的岔道城。瓮城中原有一座"察院公馆"，是供皇帝路过驻跸或官员停留住宿的。瓮城两门之间相距63.9米，西门楣题额"北门锁钥"，它的用意我在前面已经讲过。
城门洞上，古进安装有巨大的双扇木门，门内安装有木顶柱和锁闩。平时，大门敞开，行人商旅自由出入;战时城门紧闭，严实坚固;一旦发出反击号令，城门洞又是千军万马发起冲锋的出口。瓮城的东门楣题额为"居庸外填"，修建于明嘉靖十八年。在"居庸外镇"关城的城台上，原来嵌有一块石碑，为明朝万历年间刻制。从碑文可以看一带长城，先后经80多年时间才完成。这碑中还记录着修筑长城的时间、长度、主持官和管工头、烧头、窑匠头、泥瓦匠头和名字，以明确责任。站在城上向下看，我们中以看
到来往不断的车辆和从门洞穿过的游人。这里不仅是古代重要的军事防御关口，而且也是交通要道。从这里南通昌平、北京，北去延庆，西北往宣化、张家口，"路从此分，四通八达"。八达岭也因此得名。
我们往右下方看，在登城口的南侧陈列着一门大炮，名为"这时威大将军"。这门炮炮身长2.85米，口径105毫米，由于中炮身上铸有"敕赐神威大将"而得名。字最大的射程是500多米，可见当时的军工业是比较发达的。
从关城城台到南峰的最高处南4楼，城墙长685.8米，高度上升142.4米，特别是南3楼至南4楼之间，山脊狭窄，山势陡峭，长城逶迤400多米。城顶最险处，坡度约为70度，几乎是直上直下。南1楼和南2楼，都没有修复二层，从南3楼遗存的柱础看，原来也有铺房。
南峰长城以南4楼地势最高，海拔803.6米。登楼眺望，长城自西南向东北蜿蜓于山脊之上，宛如苍龙，宏伟壮观。使人不由得想起我国着名的长城专家罗哲文先生登临八达岭长城时咏的诗;千峰叠翠拥居庸，山北山南处处峰。锁钥北门天设险，半哉峻岭走长龙。从南4楼到南7楼，高度逐渐下降。南5楼与南6楼之间在长城的内侧距城墙30米的山脊上，耸立着一座白色的小亭，这就是1987年6月落成的"贵州省修复长城纪念碑亭"。南6楼是一座铺房，铺房建在上层的顶上，面阔三间，硬山顶，红柱子，灰色瓦，小巧玲珑。这大概是当年"千总"的指挥所。
今天的长城，早已失去军事价值，而以其特有的魅力，吸引着广大中外游客，成为举世闻名的旅游胜地。随着旅游业的发展，长城这一中华民族的象征，全世界重要的文化遗产，会焕发出新的生机。以更优质的旅游服务、更优美的旅游环境迎接着大家的到来!
第9篇 北京旅游导游词
阅读小贴士：本篇共计3031个字，预计看完需要8分钟，共有193位用户收藏，23人推荐！
大家好，我是你们今天的小导游—(小吴)，我将带你们去一个风水宝地—北京!
北京位于华北大平原的西北端，是中华人民共和国的首都，全国政治、文化、交通、旅游和国际交往的中心，北京导游词。全市由11个区和7个县组成。总面积16800平方公里，其中市区占地1040平方公里。人口1150万。北京为我国四大直辖市之首。
北京，已有3000多年的文字记载历史和悠久的城建沿革。远在70～50万年前，这里就是人类祖先的发祥地，“北京猿人”便在京西南的周口店等地繁衍生息。公元前586年，周朝的封侯国—燕国，在此建都，名“蓟”，从此“燕京”之名流传至今。14xx年朱棣夺得皇位，迁都北平，并改名为北京，北京之名从此开始。不久兴建紫禁城等，经过十五年施工于1420年建成，1421年正式迁都北京。1644年清军入关，明朝灭亡，清朝也在北京建都。1949年新中国成立后，古老的北京获得了新生，被确定为新中国的首都。
现在大家已经来到了北京的远郊昌平区，那即将进入的就是十三陵景区。利用这段时间，我来给大家讲解一下十三陵的历史背景和说明。
明朝永乐皇帝朱棣在14xx年派了一些风水术士到北京选择“吉壤”，其实就是吉祥的土地，准备修建陵寝。当时这些人找了很多地方，但是都不成功，最后直到明永乐七年，才选定了现在的这片天寿山陵区，在周围有蟒山，虎峪，龙山和天寿山。这里正符合了阴阳五行中四方之神的所在位置，就是东青龙，西白虎，南朱雀，北玄武，还有温榆河经过这里，真可以说是风水宝地。从此可见当时皇帝要为自己修建一个陵寝要耗费多少精力啊。随后，就开始修建了长陵，经过四年终于竣工了。那明朝历代的皇帝，也陆续在这里修建了陵寝。而且从1409修建长陵一直到1644年明王朝灭亡，这200多年间，明十三陵的营建工程从来没有间断过。在这方圆40平方公里的范围，埋葬了明代十三位皇帝，二十三位皇后，还有许多的妃子，太子等等。可是这里也没能够完整的保留下来，在清兵入关以后，为了报复金人将清太祖的祖坟毁掉，所以就将这里烧了。后来在乾隆五十年的时候，为了笼络汉人，就下令修缮陵区。在新中国成立以后，对这里进行了大规模的开发，并且开放了的长陵、定陵和昭陵，其中定陵的地宫已经被发掘了。现在这里已经成为了全国重点风景名胜区，是世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群。现在大家可能在想：明朝不是有十六个皇帝么?怎么在这里只有十三个皇帝的陵寝?其实原因很简单，明太祖朱元璋因为建都南京，所以他的陵墓当然就在南京啦，也就是明孝陵;而明朝第二个皇帝建文帝，因为被朱棣夺取了皇位，尸骨下落不明，所以这里就没有他的陵墓;在明朝第七代皇帝英宗的时候，他曾经被宦官王振怂恿，率军亲征，后来在河北怀来的土木堡被瓦刺军俘虏，这个事件称为“土木之变”，一国不能无君，所以他的兄弟就被册封为景泰帝，而后又上演了英宗重新夺取皇位的“夺门之变”，所以在十三陵中没有景泰帝的陵墓，他以亲王的礼节被安葬在西郊的金山口。这样一来，大家一定都明白了为什么这里叫做十三陵了。
从十三陵出来，我们来到了清朝第一大贪官和珅的府邸—亲王府
大门入园——后罩楼——龙王庙——西洋门——独乐峰——蝠池——安善堂——流杯亭——垂花门——明道斋(展室)——大戏楼——绿天小隐——福字碑——澄怀撷秀——秋水山房——榆关——出园
乾隆四十一年，即1776年，和珅开始在这东依前海，背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第，时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆褫夺了和珅军机大臣、九门提督两职，抄了其家，估计全部财富
约值白银两千万两，相当于清政府半年的财政收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法。同年正月十八，即1799年2月22日，和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身，则如愿归“爱豪宅不爱江山”的胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。与此同时，嫁予和珅之子的乾隆之女和孝公主，仍居住在半座宅第中，导游词《北京导游词》。咸丰元年，即1851年，清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕訢成为这所宅子的第三代主人，改名恭王府，恭王府之名由此沿用至今。“一座恭王府，半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年，这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会，后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回，并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后，王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。
如果说恭王府代表的是王府文化的话，那么四合院应该就是能代表我们百姓文化的了，现在让我们来到北京的老宅子—四合院!
四合院，可说是天下闻名，老北京人都说如果没有了四合院，北京就像没有了生命一样，它倒是成了北京的“掌上明珠”!
北京的四合院所以有名，还在于它的构成有独特之处，在中国传统住宅建筑中具有典型性和代表性。中国住宅建筑大部分是内院式住宅，南方地区的住宅院落很小，四周房屋连成一体，称作“一颗印”。这种住宅适合于南方的气候条件，通风采光均欠理想。
北京的四合院，院落宽绰疏朗，四面房屋各自独立，彼此之间有游廊联接，起居十分方便 ，所谓四合，“四”指东、西、南、北四面，“合”即四面房屋围在一起，形成崐一个“口”字形。经过数百年的营建，北京四合院从平面布局到内部结构、细部装修都形成了京师特有的京味风格。
北京正规四合院一般依东西向的胡同而坐北朝南，基本形制是分居四面的北房(正房)、南房(倒座房)和东、西厢房，四周再围以高墙形成四合，开一个门。 大门辟于宅院东南角“巽”位。
四合院中间是庭院，院落宽敞，庭院中植树栽花，备缸饲养金鱼，是四合院布局的中心，也是人们穿行、采光、通风、纳凉、休息、家务劳动的场所。 四合院是封闭式的住宅，对外只有一个街门，关起门来自成天地，具有很强的私密性非常适合独家居住。院内，四面房子都向院落方向开门，一家人在里面和亲和美，其乐融融。由于院落宽敞，可在院内植树栽花，饲鸟养鱼，叠石造景。居住者不仅享有舒适的住房，还可分享大自然赐予的一片美好天地。四合院，也是华北地区民用住宅中的一种组合建筑形式，是一种四四方方或者是长方形的院落。 一家一户，住在一个封闭式的院子里，过着一种安逸、消闲、清静的日子，享受家庭的欢欣、天伦的乐趣，自然有一种令人悠然自得的气氛。之所以这样，北京四合院讲究绿化，院内种树种花，确是花木扶疏，幽雅宜人。老北京爱种的花有丁香、海棠、榆叶梅、山桃花等等，树多是枣树、槐树。花草除栽种外，还可盆栽、水养。
盆栽花木最常见的是石榴树、夹竹桃、金桂、银桂、杜鹃、栀子等等，种石榴取石榴"多子"之兆。至于阶前花圃中的草茉莉、凤仙花、牵牛花、扁豆花，更是四合院的家常美景了。
它虽为居住建筑，却蕴含着深刻的文化内涵，是中华传统文化的载体。
有些家庭，为了把院落装饰点缀一番，还在院落一进门处的正对面，修建一个影壁，也即是一堵砖墙。在正对大门的这一面，一般都有花卉、松竹图案或者大幅的书法字样醒目地放置影壁正面。上书“福”、“禄”、“寿”等象征吉祥的字样。也有一部分影壁，绘上吉祥的图案，如“松鹤延年”、“喜鹊登梅”、“麒麟送子”等等，给四合院内制造了一种书香翰墨的气氛。也有的农家，采用“五谷丰登”、“吉祥如意”、“福如东海”的字样或图画。这种影壁，设在大门之内的迎门处，有的是单独建筑的，有的是镶在厢房山墙上的。影壁，也称照壁，壁身都为正方形，四周用砖雕装饰，中间的方块为书法或者绘画。照壁分为基座和壁身两个部分，除去给庭院增加气氛，祈祷吉祥之外，照壁也起到一种使外界难以窥视院内活动的隔离作用。
如果四合院没了，那就彻底失去了老北京的文化色彩，那不仅是北京的符号，也是北京的魂儿。可想而之四合院是北京的一种文化特色，成为了北京美丽的风景线!
本次的北京四合院之旅就要到这里结束了!
第10篇 北京旅游导游词
阅读小贴士：本篇共计365个字，预计看完需要1分钟，共有299位用户收藏，11人推荐！
女士们!先生们!大家下午好!我是导游李志贤，今年九岁了。大家都叫我小李就行了。
欢迎大家来到长城玩!你们知道长城为什么是世界遗产吗?这是因为，长城的一块石头就有两三百斤重。那时，还没有起重机，全部依靠乡亲们无数个肩膀和无数双手，这才成了今天的世界遗产。
长城，经过无数次重修。你们知道长城的传说吗?我给大家说一个吧!
相传，有两家人种西瓜。一天，西瓜成熟了，发现有一个特别大的西瓜，打开一看，里面竟然是个小女孩。他们两家给她取名为：孟姜女。
孟姜女长大后，找了丈夫。一天，官兵来了，把她丈夫抓走去修长城了。
几年后，她丈夫死了。孟姜女很伤心，就去长城边找她丈夫。她边找边哭，长城都被她哭倒了。
长城，还有很大的防御能力。但是，秦始皇却害死了许多无辜的老百姓，让老百姓人心惶惶，这样，秦国最终灭亡了。
好了，长城到了，大家可以下车仔细浏览我们的万里长城了!
