十三陵导游词

第1篇 十三陵导游词

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各位朋友，请往右侧的窗外看，这是十三陵陵区的标志性建筑物——石牌坊，它是我国保存至今的最大的石牌坊，共有五门六柱十一楼，建于公元1540年，至今已有四百六十多年历史了。

现在请大家往前看，前方有一个大门，门开三洞，这便是明十三陵陵区的正门——大宫门。因其颜色为红色，故又称之为大红门。在大宫门的左右各立有一座皇帝下马碑，上书“官员人等至此下马”，在古代皇帝到这来祭陵，至此也必须下马。原来在大宫门的两侧连有40公里长的围墙，设为禁区，重兵把守。其实就是一座为*皇帝而设的“紫禁城”。明朝规定，每年大祭三次，小祭四次。皇帝每次祭陵便在大宫门前下马进入陵区。

在大宫门之后依次是碑亭、石象生、棂星门，这条路被称为神路，下面我把神路上的建筑向各位做一简介。大家请看前面的碑亭，里面是长陵的神功圣德碑。正面是碑文，列述永乐皇帝的功绩，碑的背面是清乾隆皇帝写的《哀明陵三十韵》，碑东侧是清政府修明陵的花费记录，西侧是清朝嘉庆皇帝论述明亡的原因。

在碑亭之后便是整齐地排列于神路两侧的石像生，何为石像生呢?其实就是些石人、石兽等，即为象征生命的石雕，它们将为*的帝王们在另一个世界提供服务。十三陵的神路上有石兽24只，包括狮子、獬豸、骆驼、麒麟、马和大象，每种兽4只，两立两卧。此外还有石人12个，即文臣、武将、勋臣各4人。

在神路的尽头是棂星门，俗称龙凤门，当地人又称其为火焰牌坊，此处意为“天门”，即皇帝皇后等人的棺樽通过此门后，灵魂便升入了天堂。

我们马上就到了，请大家收拾一下随身物品，带好照像机，我们准备参观十三陵之首——长陵。

第2篇 十三陵导游词

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明十三陵坐落于天寿山麓。总面积一百二十余平方公里。距离北京约五十公里。十三陵地处东、西、北三面环山的小盆地之中，陵区周围群山环抱，中部为平原，陵前有小河曲折蜿蜒，山明水秀，景色宜人。十三座皇陵均依山而筑，分别建在东、西、北三面的山麓上，形成了体系完整、规模宏大、气势磅礴的陵寝建筑群。下面是由小编为大家带来的关于北京十三陵英语导游词，希望能够帮到您!

北京十三陵英语导游词

he ming tombs are 40 kilometers north of beijing city on the southern slopes of tianshou mountain. they are the burial grounds of 13 ming dynasty emperors. in july 2022 the site was designated a world cultural heritage site by unesco.

empress _u died in the 5th year of yongle (1407). zhu di sent

zhao hong, secretary of the ministry of rites and a geomancer----liao junqing along with many others to beijing in search of an auspicious place for the tombs. it is said that this group of people first selected the area of tu jia ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldn't be used as the burial ground. ne_t they selected the foot of yangshan mountain, changping. however, since the surname of the emperor (zhu) is a homophone for pig and because a village named 'wolf mouth ravine' was located there, they decided against using that area. later, they found yan-jiatai west of beijing. again, since 'yanjia' was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemed unsuitable. it was not until the 7th year of yongle (1409), that they finally chose the present heavenly longevity mountain as their cemetery grounds.

the whole area covers 40 square kilometers. it has mountains to its east, west and north, and dragon mountain and tiger mountain are on either side of its southern entrance. the 13 tombs go from north to south. they are arranged in the manner of the imperial palace, with the administration area in the front and living quarters in the rear. in front of the tombs are divine passes, stone archways and steel towers. the precious city and ming tower stand over the underground palace.

there were 16 emperors during the ming dynasty. buried in the ming tombs, are 13 ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes, princesses and maids. the other 3 emperors, emperor zhu yuanzhang, zhu yunwen and zhu qiyu are buried in other locations.

the founder of the ming dynasty, zhu yuanzhang, established his capital in present day nanjing where he was buried after his death. his tomb is called _iaoling (tomb of filial piety).

the body of the second emperor of the ming, zhu yunwen, is missing. some said that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple and became a monk. there is no final conclusion yet.

the seventh ming emperor zhu qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elder brother zhu qizhen at jinshankou, a western suburb of beijing, because in the tumubao upheaval, emperor zhu qizhen became a captive and the younger brother of zhu qizhen. zhu qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later zhu qizhen was back and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the seizing gate upheaval.

the memorial arch was built in the 19th year of jiajing (1540) as a symbol of the ming tombs. it is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 arches supported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons and lotus flowers. the memorial arch is the biggest and the most e_quisite stone arch preserved in the country today. the major designs of dragon and cloud decorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. in addition, it also demonstrates the skillful artistry of the ming craftsmen.

the big palace gate is the front gate of the ming tombs, and is more commonly known as big red gate. facing south, there are three arch entrances to the gate, the main inlet to the ming tombs. flanking the gate are two stone tablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people to dismount, before entering into the tomb area. if they did not obey, they would be punished for their disrespect. the rules governing the ming tombs in the ming dynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood and break twigs would be flogged. those who came to fetch dirt and stone would be beheaded. those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged a hundred times.

the tablet house was built in the 10th year of _uande (1435), and stands about 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. a huge tablet stands in the middle of the tablet house. the front side bears an inscription by emperor renzong for chengzu. the reverse side is a poem by qing emperor qianlong recording in detail the conditions of the broken changling, yongling, dingling and _iling. on the east side is the record of e_penditures for repairing the ming tombs by the qing government. on the west side is an epitaph by qing emperor jiaqing. it was written in the 9th year of jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall of the ming dynasty.

on the north side of the tablet house, stands a group of stone carvings (36 in all). behind the house, there are two stone pillars. beyond the pillars are stone animals and other statues. lions, _ie zhi, camels, elephants, and qi lin horses .all of the animals are in two pairs. two stand, while the other two kneel. it is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials and officials of merit, four in each group. these stone animals and statues were made in the 10th year of _uande (1435). they reflect the imperial power when he was alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. the animals and statues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons and each was delicately and masterfully carved.

here stands ling _ing gate, also known as the unique dragon and phoeni_ gate, with the meaning of the gate of heaven. the gate is pierced with si_ door leaves, attached to three archways. the top of the central section of the three archways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as the flame archway. to the north of the dragon and phoeni_ gate there lays a seven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of changling. to the east of the seven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site of the seven-arch bridge.

actually we are standing on the a_le line of the ming tombs, otherwise known as the sacred way or the tomb path. we passed the memorial arch, the big palace gate, the tablet house, sacred way, stone animals and statues, and ling _ing gate. this seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north, all the way to the gate of changling.

now, we are moving to chang ling. changling is the first tomb built in the ming tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing emperor zhu di and his empress _u.

zhu di (chengzu) of the ming dynasty was the fourth son of the first emperor zhu yuanzhang, born in 1360. zhu di was conferred the title of the prince of yan in the 3rd year of hongwu (1370). he was appointed at beiping. after the death of zhu yuanzhang (the first ming emperor), zhu di used the prete_t of eliminating evil officials at the side of emperor jianwen to lead an army e_pedition down south to nanjing. he seized the throne in the 4th year of jianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in june inside the hall of ancestral worship in nanjing. zhu di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in the ming dynasty. as soon as he became the prince of yan, he led the generals out to battle. he had great achievements in calming down the north. after he took over his nephew's power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughout the country and consolidated the rule of the ming dynasty. he made the important decision to move the capital to beijing. during the rule of zhu di, magnificent developments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. in terms of culture, zhu di successively sent grand academician _ie jin, yan guang_iao and others to compile the yongle encyclopedia. the book has become the largest book ever complied in chinese history. for e_panding e_ternal e_changes and trade, zhu di selected eunuch zheng he to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold, silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast asia and africa seven times in the early years of yongle.

empress _u was buried together with emperor zhu di in changling. empress _ushi was the eldest daughter of _u da who was one of the founding fathers of the ming dynasty. throughout her lifespan, _u shi complied 20 articles of internal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate people's minds. she was the very first one to be buried in changling and in the ming tomb area.

the hall of eminent favor in changling is the best preserved among the thirteen tombs. it is a valuable relic of ancient china's wooden structures. it is nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in china. the roof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered with yellow glazed tiles. the hall is supported by 60 thick nanmu pillars, the middle four in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over one meter. it is known as the best nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.

now we are going to dinging. dingling is located at the east foot of dayu mountain. buried here are the 13th ming emperor wanli (zhu yijun) and his two empresses _iaoduan and _iaojing. zhu yijun was the longest on the throne of the ming emperors. (he was emperor for 48 years). he was the greediest and laziest emperor in the ming dynasty. zhu yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9. after he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister zhang juzheng. at this time, various aspects of society gained development.

later ,zhang juzheng died of illness. not long after wanli managed state affairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb site when he went to pay homage to the ancestors' tombs. he spent eight million taels of silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and si_ years to build a high quality tomb dingling. after the dingling was completed, zhu yijun personally went to inspect it, and felt very satisfied with the result. he went so far as to hold a grand banquet in the underground palace, which was unheard of in history.

zhu yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. reflecting on his reign, he did not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. the state organ was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. later generations commented that the fall of the ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.

zhu yijun had two empresses. empress _iaojing was originally a maid of wanli's mother cisheng. later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. that son was the one-month emperor guangzong (zhu changluo). she died of illness 9 years earlier than shenzong died. she was buried as a concubine at pinggangdi, around the east pit, at the heavenly longevity mount. after _iaojing was conferred the title of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the underground palace of dingling, and buried together with emperor wanli and empress _iaoduan on the same day. _iaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could not give birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. _iaoduan died of illness. a hundred days later, emperor wanli (zhu yijun) died too. empress _iaoduan, emperor wanli, and empress _iaojing were buried together in the underground palace.

the tablet in front of dingling has no words on it. it is called the wordless tablet. there is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a pattern of sea waves carved on the bottom. its base is composed of a tortoise (bi_i). it is said that the dragon has nine sons. in twelve of the ming tombs, e_cluding changling, all the tablets are wordless. originally there were no tablet houses in front of the tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first si_ tombs were completed. but the emperor jiajing at the time indulged in drinking, lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention on the inscriptions. consequently the si_ tablets are wordless. and in keeping with this tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.

now we are arriving at the gate of eminent favor and the hall of eminent favor of dingling, the hall of eminent favor is also called hall of enjoyment. it was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificial rites. they were mostly destroyed when the qing soldiers came. and they were destroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.

moving on, this is the e_hibition rooms that were built after the e_cavation of the underground palace. the e_hibition e_plains in detail the history of the tomb master and introduces the tomb e_cavation process. the e_hibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. in the south room, on display are the sacrificial objects of emperor wanli unearthed from the underground palace. in the north room, on display are the sacrificial items of the two empresses. all of then are fancy and invaluable.

now we arrive at the soul tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. it is a stone structure with colorful painted decorations. the soul tower and the precious citadel of dingling have never been damaged seriously. the soul tower is the best preserved architecture above the ground of dingling. on top of the yellow, glazed tiled roof of the soul tower sits a big stone tablet. two chinese characters----dingling, are carved on the tablet. inside the soul tower, on top of another stone tablet, there are two big characters----'the great ming' written in seal characters. on the body of the tablet, seven chinese characters-----'tomb of emperor shenzong _ian' are carved. the soul tower is connected with the precious citadel. the precious citadel is a large round wall built with bricks. the precious citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upper part is thin. the round wall's perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wall is a large artificial mound, the emperor's tomb mound, known as precious top.

dingling is the only ming tomb to be e_cavated. formal e_cavation work started in may 1956 and ended in 1958. first, the working personnel discovered an e_posed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the precious citadel of dingling. so they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. at the bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. three months later, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the soul tower, they dug the second tunnel. during the digging, they encountered with a stone tablet which inscribed the words ' from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies the precious wall'. therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up the underground palace.

according to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the third tunnel, they found a stone tunnel. at last they got to the precious wall. thus they opened the precious wall with a square stone room. to the west end of the room, lay two marble doors. the working personnel used a wire and wood plank to remove the ' self-acting' stone bar, which was against the back of the door. with this method, they opened the entrance of the underground palace.

the palace has no beam which was built according to the principles of geomancy altogether there are five chambers. the chambers are separated by seven marble doors. the underground palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of 1,195 square meters. there is a same structure stone door in between the front, middle and rear chambers. the door is made of marble. the biggest marble door is 3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. it looks heavy, but it is reasonably designed. the pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door a_le, so the door is easy to open and close. on top of the door is a lintel (made of bronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. carved on the front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals with rings in their mouths. located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is a protruding section that holds the door's 'self-acting' stone bar.

the front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. the floor is covered with gold bricks. according to records, the gold bricks are smooth and durable. the more you polish them, the brighter they become. there are no decorations in the front and two anne_ chambers. in the middle chamber, there are three marble thrones for emperor wanli and his two empresses, known as the precious thrones. in the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazed offerings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of jiajing year's style with a cloud-and-dragon design. it is about 0.7 meters in diameter. originally there was sesame oil in the jar. on the surface of the oil was a copper tube with a wick inside. it is called the 'everlasting lamp'. due to the lack of o_ygen, the light went out so the oil had not been used all.

the rear chamber is the biggest of the three. it is 9.5 meters high, 31 meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. in the rear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. placed on the platform are the coffins of emperor wanli and his two empresses as well as 26 vermilion bo_es filled with funeral objects.

in the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filled with soil called gold well. putting jade stone around the coffin or inside the coffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being ' buried with jade. ' ancient people believed gold well was the pit of geomancy. it could prevent the body from decay for a long time. being 'buried with jade' on a gold well was the highest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.

originally the empress's coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber. then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as the emperor's? in 1620, first empress _iaoduan died in april, then in july emperor wanli also died. after that, the son of zhu changluo died 29 days after his succession. in only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died in succession. in addition they had removed empress _iaojing's coffin to dingling. all the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned emperor zhu youjian. the preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearly recorded in historical documents). the rainy season had already arrived before the funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress' anne_ chamber may not have been convenient to open. so the coffins of the emperor, empresses all entered the underground palace through the front entrance. after the coffins entered the underground palace, since the passage to the anne_ chambers were narrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. so they had to put all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.

now please follow me out of the underground palace. and our tour for today is completed. i hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable. we now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at 4:00pm. thank you.

第3篇 十三陵导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计650个字，预计看完需要2分钟，共有125位用户收藏，13人推荐！

北京昌平县境内，有一处明代帝王陵墓群，即中外闻名的十三陵。在周围40公里的范围内，埋葬着明代13位帝王，23位皇后和众多的嫔妃、太子、公主、从葬宫女等。

（一）概况

1陵墓区范围

墓区原有一道40公里长的围墙。红色围墙自南边的大宫门起，依山而筑，设有中山口、东山口、老君堂口、贤庄口、灰岭口、锥子口、雁子口、德胜口、西山口、榨子口等十个关口，各口驻兵把守。现在红墙已无，但从地名上看还能了解到当年的墓区范围。

2陵墓中轴线

（1）石牌坊

（2）大宫门

大宫门是陵墓区的正门。门分三洞，旁连40公里围墙。门前竖着"官员人等至此下马"碑。门内有数千军士守护，任何人不得闯入。当时规定"谋毁山陵者，以谋大逆论，不分首从，俱凌迟处死"。山陵内盗砍树木者斩，家属发往边疆充军。

（3）碑楼

该楼为重檐顶四出陛、楼内驮巨碑，即长陵的神功圣德碑，高三丈（该碑正式建立于宣德十年，即公元1435年）。正面为神功圣德碑文，3000余字，明成祖长子仁宗朱高炽撰。碑阴是乾隆五十年（1785），清高宗的《哀明陵三十韵》，详细地记录了长、永、定、思几座陵墓的残破情况。碑东侧是清政府修明陵的花费记录，西侧是嘉庆九年（1804）清仁宗论述明亡的原因。

（4）石象生

神路两侧有一组石雕群，24兽，12人，共18对，36个。包括狮子、獬豸、骆驼、麒麟、马、象各4匹，二卧二立。武臣、文臣、勋臣各4人。

（5）棂星门

棂星门俗称龙凤门，在此处有"天门"之意，门三道之间有短垣相隔。6根门柱形似华表，三门额坊中央雕有石刻火焰珠，故当地人又称其为火焰牌坊。 棂星门北有7孔汉白玉神桥一座，通往长陵陵门。

第4篇 十三陵导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计3689个字，预计看完需要10分钟，共有229位用户收藏，18人推荐！

北京昌平县境内，有一处明代帝王陵墓群，即中外闻名的十三陵。在周围40公里的范围内，埋葬着明代13位帝王，23位皇后和众多的嫔妃、太子、公主、从葬宫女等。

概况

明永乐五年（1407）朱棣的皇后徐氏去世。朱棣命礼部、工部及术士风鉴先生等人，在北京郊区寻找"吉壤"。先后曾指定潭柘寺、燕家台、屠家营等处，朱棣均不满意。后来江西术士廖均卿说，昌平北有吉壤，可做万年寿域，名黄土山，山前有龙、虎二山，形成一个小平原。朱棣视察后很满意，决定在此建造皇陵，改黄土山为天寿山。永乐七年（1409）正式建陵，到永乐十一年竣工，即长陵。明代历朝（除景泰帝外）皇帝陆续在此建陵。 明制规定，陵墓每年大祭三次（清明、中元、冬至），小祭四次（正旦、孟冬、生辰、逝日）。每次谒陵耗费巨大。十三陵地面上建筑曾几度遭到破坏，最严重的一次是清兵入关。明末清太祖崛起于东北，威胁明朝安全。有人说清兵之所以强盛与他的祖坟风水有关。他们（金人）的祖坟在房山，如捣毁，清兵即灭。天启皇帝于天启二年（1622）派人毁房山金陵，并建关帝庙镇之。清兵入关后，采取同样的报复手段，破坏了明陵。清乾隆五十年，为了拢络汉人，曾下令修缮明陵。民国时期，1914年左右，当地豪绅争夺产权，明陵又遭破坏。

陵墓区范围

墓区原有一道40公里长的围墙。红色围墙自南边的大宫门起，依山而筑，设有中山口、东山口、老君堂口、贤庄口、灰岭口、锥子口、雁子口、德胜口、西山口、榨子口等十个关口，各口驻兵把守。现在红墙已无，但从地名上看还能了解到当年的墓区范围。

陵墓中轴线

石牌坊

石牌坊是陵区最南端的建筑。该坊五门六柱十一楼，高14米，宽2886米，建于嘉靖十九年（1540），是目前国内保存最大、最早的石坊。夹杆石四面有浮雕，刻有八对狮子滚绣球、十六条生龙，造型生动。

大宫门

大宫门是陵墓区的正门。门分三洞，旁连40公里围墙。门前竖着"官员人等至此下马"碑。门内有数千军士守护，任何人不得闯入。当时规定"谋毁山陵者，以谋大逆论，不分首从，俱凌迟处死"。山陵内盗砍树木者斩，家属发往边疆充军。

碑楼

该楼为重檐顶四出陛、楼内驮巨碑，即长陵的神功圣德碑，高三丈（该碑正式建立于宣德十年，即公元1435年）。正面为神功圣德碑文，3000余字，明成祖长子仁宗朱高炽撰。碑阴是乾隆五十年（1785），清高宗的《哀明陵三十韵》，详细地记录了长、永、定、思几座陵墓的残破情况。碑东侧是清政府修明陵的花费记录，西侧是嘉庆九年（1804）清仁宗论述明亡的原因。

石象生

神路两侧有一组石雕群，24兽，12人，共18对，36个。包括狮子、獬豸、骆驼、麒麟、马、象各4匹，二卧二立。武臣、文臣、勋臣各4人。

棂星门

棂星门俗称龙凤门，在此处有"天门"之意，门三道之间有短垣相隔。6根门柱形似华表，三门额坊中央雕有石刻火焰珠，故当地人又称其为火焰牌坊。 棂星门北有7孔汉白玉神桥一座，通往长陵陵门。

长陵

长陵是十三陵中第一陵，占地10公顷。墓主是明成祖永乐皇帝朱棣和皇后徐氏。

陵园平面布局

陵墓有三进院落。第一进院落从陵门到恩门。陵门内东西侧原有神厨、神库各5间。东南角有碑亭一座，无碑文，建于嘉靖十五年（1536）。清顺治皇帝见过陵墓后，于顺治十六年（1659），在石碑正面用汉、满两种文字镌刻其谒陵感受。碑阴是乾隆皇帝于1785年谒陵后镌刻的谒明陵八韵。第二进院落从恩门至内红门。院内恩殿宽9间，深5间，重檐庑殿顶。殿内60根楠木柱，当中4根柱直径都在1米以上。该殿是国内最好的楠木殿。殿中原有大佛龛，供成祖和徐皇后。殿两侧原有廊庑15间，现已无存。第三进院落从内红门至明楼。院内前部是二柱牌坊，依次为石五供、明楼和宝城。 明楼是每座陵墓的标帜，也是每座陵墓中轴线上的最高建筑。楼顶为重檐歇山式，建于方城之上，四出陛，额曰"长陵"。刻碑为万历三十二年重立。原碑刻"太宗"（朱棣原来的庙号），后来世宗嘉靖皇帝于嘉靖七年改太宗为成祖，未换石碑，只用木雕成祖之碑镶之。万历三十二年（1604）雷击起火，木雕被毁。大学士沈一贯奏请改新碑。明楼两侧连宝城，城内园丘即宝顶，周一百丈，下面即地宫。

东西井

长陵的陵园还辖属东西井。东井在德陵馒头山之南，西井在定陵西北。"井"内葬着被"赐死"的殉葬宫妃。她们是皇帝的地下随侍，虽赐死但无资格入地宫。埋葬她们的坟（竖葬）叫"井"。

定陵

定陵在昭陵东北大峪山（原名小峪山）下，埋葬着明代第十三代帝王万历帝朱翊钧和孝端、孝靖二位皇后。万历十一年（1583）朱翊钧借祭陵的机会勘察了陵区，最后决定在小峪山为己建陵，改小峪山为大峪山。因陵地有巨石，工程量级大，有人谏阻其不听，决定次年开工。朱翊钧时年才22岁。从万历十二年开工，至万历十八年竣工，历时6年之久。墓穴工程质量极佳。竣工后，28岁的万历皇帝，曾在自己的地宫中饮酒欢贺，然后将墓口封闭。朱翊钧是个残暴荒淫之君，在位48年不问朝政,纵饮欢乐,还巧立名目广纳民女,如选"九嫔"、"十俊"等。

景观介绍

神功圣德碑

该碑是无字碑，碑身为精美的青白石石雕，碑首云龙交盘，游水戏珠，碑座是一个昂首远眺石，下面有海水波纹。碑身背面有一碗口大白痕，似满月，洁白晶莹，故该碑俗称月亮碑。传说几百年前月亮碑能发光，还能随朔望而圆缺，后来因陵园遭火，失去了灵气。

恩门、恩殿遗址

陵恩殿也叫享殿，原来建筑面阔为7间。清兵入关后，曾遭破坏。乾隆五十年整修过一次，将陵恩殿由大改小，改为五间。到1914年左右，又一次被烧毁，现在可以看到陵恩门、陵恩殿殿基遗址。

陈列室

明楼前庭院两侧辟有定陵出土文物陈列室。南侧为第一陈列室，主要陈列万历皇帝的出土文物（包括复制品），如谥宝、谥册、金冠、玉带、盔甲、刀剑、金银器皿、丝织品等。北侧为第二陈列室，主要陈列孝端、孝靖两皇后的随葬品，其中一顶凤冠为十二龙九凤，一顶为六龙三凤。冠上金龙口衔宝珠、饰满朵朵翠云，中心是以宝石缀成的珠花……定陵中出土文物共有3000多件。

明楼

这是定陵地面保存最好的建筑，因其通体皆石，斗拱梁枋全由石料雕成，再漆饰彩绘，美观大方不怕火烧。十三陵中，只永、定二陵明楼为石质。明楼内的石碑、碑额篆书"大明"二字，碑身刻"神宗显皇帝之陵"七字。神宗是庙号。历史上皇帝死去之后，按照习惯要由他的子孙和臣子拟定一个比较好听的文字给予追加封号，称为"谥法"。朱翊钧的谥号是"范天合道，哲肃敦简，光文章武，安仁止孝，显皇帝"。"显"字是他谥号的简称。

宝城

明楼两侧，连接着宝城。宝城是一道圆形的大墙，用城砖垒起，周长约750米，宝城的垛口，是仿照永陵的做法，全部用花斑石垒砌，清朝破坏明陵时，把这些花斑石毁掉,现在陵院中还可见到零星的花斑石。宝城内土丘,即是宝顶,宝顶下面为地宫。

关于两位附葬皇后

孝端皇后死于万历四十八年（1620）四月，未过百日，同年七月朱翊钧驾崩，故二人梓宫同时葬入地宫。孝靖王氏位份低下，因其nfdbe生之子朱常洛于万历二十九年册立为太子，母以子贵，于万历三十四年晋封为皇贵妃。万历三十九年，王氏皇贵妃病故。按制，贵妃不能入地宫，故埋在天寿山东井附近的平冈地。万历帝死后，太子继位，本应为其母迁坟安葬，但朱常洛只做了29天皇帝就一命呜呼了。熹宗朱由校继位,年号天启,追封孝靖为皇太后,于万历四十八年十月迁祖母坟附葬定陵地宫。

地宫（玄宫）

发掘经过：9岁的赵其昌任发掘队长，郑振铎指导工作，1956年5月开始先试掘定陵。 从定陵宝城内侧开了宽35米，长20米的第一条探沟。3个月后，发现了隧道的一端。这是由两道大墙夹着的露天大道，梓宫过后又用黄土回填。在明楼西面又开了宽10米、长30米的第二条探沟。1956年9月3日，当挖到75米深时发现了一块小石碑，上刻"此石至金刚墙前皮十六丈，深三丈五尺"字样。对此碑的看法意见不一，但根据石碑所指，在1957年5月于隧道尽头，发现了一堵大墙，当是金刚墙。墙上有凹痕，显然是门的痕迹。拆开缺口，顺绳下去，除地面上散落的料珠及铺地的木料外，无他物，此处肯定不是地宫。发掘者称其为隧道券。隧道券为砖顶拱券，一端有两扇大石门，九排门钉，兽首衔环，洁白光润，里面顶着"自来石"。工人仅用铁丝和木条，不到5分钟就巧妙地把沉睡了337年的地宫打开了。 定陵玄宫透视图 地宫内状况：地宫是陵墓中最主要的部分，由前、中、后和左、右五个厅组成。总深度27米，构筑面积1195平方米。地宫中共装有7座汉白玉门，高33米，宽18米，重4吨，上面横置2吨重的青铜门梁，衔住门枢。每扇门靠枢柱一边既重且厚， 向外渐薄，这样可使重心偏向门轴。因此，看上去很笨重的大门，开闭却很灵活。关门后有一"自来石"将门顶住，从外面开启困难。地上木板是为保护梓宫和墁地金砖而设的。中殿有三个汉白玉石宝座，座前各一副琉璃五供和一个青花云龙大瓷缸。缸中原盛香油，油上的小铜瓢和灯芯有铜管与油相通，即"长明灯"。打开地宫时，灯未长明，油表面数公分已凝固。三个宝座呈"品"字形，后来为了便于参观才改成"三"字形。后殿是最大的一个殿堂，棺床上停放着朱翊钧和他的两位皇后的梓宫。棺旁放着玉料和装着随葬品的红漆木箱。左右配殿亦有棺床，但无棺椁。棺床上有方孔，中填黄土，称"金井"。这是封建时代最高的"金井玉葬"葬礼。

第5篇 十三陵导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计1315个字，预计看完需要4分钟，共有121位用户收藏，17人推荐！

现在大家已经来到了北京的远郊昌平区，我们即将进入的就是十三陵景区。利用这段时间，我来给大家讲解一下十三陵的历史背景和说明。

十三陵是世界上保存最完整，埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群。位于北京北郊昌平区天寿山脚下。距京城约50公里。陵区面积约40平方公里。整个陵区四面群山环抱，山前流水潺潺，明堂广大、四周围以高墙，因山设险。因为这里埋葬有明朝的十三位皇帝，所以称明十三陵。十三位皇帝的陵墓以长陵为中心，错落有致的分部在群山绿树之间。

也许各位要问了，北京有那么多的名山胜水，为什么偏偏要选在这里建陵呢？明永乐五年朱棣的皇后徐氏去世。朱棣命礼部、工部及术士风水先生等人，在北京郊区寻找"吉壤"。先后曾指定潭柘寺、燕家台、屠家营等处，朱棣均不满意。后来江西术士廖均卿说，昌平北有吉壤，可做万年寿域，名黄土山，山前有龙、虎二山，形成一个小平原。朱棣视察后很满意，决定在此建造皇陵，并改黄土山为天寿山。

现在大家看到的这一座石牌坊，就是进入陵区的标志，牌坊为5门6柱11楼建筑形式，建于嘉靖年间。是国内现存最大、最精美的石牌坊，上边的图案装饰也都是云龙图案，反映了皇家建筑的特点。穿过石牌坊即大宫门，为陵墓区的正门。门前竖着“官员等人至此下马”碑。宫门后是碑楼，碑楼周围有四座精美的华表。碑楼中的“大明长陵神功圣德碑”。在碑的四面分别有：朱棣之子仁宗朱高 撰写的为其父歌功颂德的碑文，有清朝维修十三陵的经过，有记述明朝灭亡的教训，还有乾隆皇帝撰写的《哀明陵十三韵》。

从碑楼到火焰牌坊是长达780米的神道。神道两旁立有石像生，共24个石兽，12个石人，共计18对，36个。其中，狮子、獬豸、大象、麒麟、马各四只，分别是两立两卧。有武臣、文臣和勋臣各有四位。神路最北端是棂星门，因为三根柱子上各有一个火焰宝珠，所以这里也被叫做火焰牌坊。通过神路可以到达各个陵区。下面我们先去看看长陵。长陵是十三陵的首陵，位于天寿山主峰之下，埋葬着明成祖朱棣及皇后徐氏。在墓葬制度中被称为“一帝一后制”。整座陵区建有周长80华里的围墙。围墙中还设有东山口、老军堂等十六个关口。长陵祾恩殿是仿紫禁城的太和殿而建，于明永乐十四年建成，是供奉帝后牌位和举行祭祀活动的地方。九五开间，重檐庑殿顶，殿内有32根金丝楠木大柱。是明代帝王陵中唯一保存完好的祾恩殿。

由于长陵的地宫没有发掘，所以我们在长陵的游览就先告一段落。不过大家不用着急，接下来我们将要去的定陵，在那里大家就可以参观到古代皇帝的地下宫殿了。

定陵是明朝万历皇帝和孝端、孝靖两位皇后的合葬墓。位于大峪山脚下，占地面积15万多平方米。 万历皇帝朱翊钧是明朝在位最久的皇帝，但是他贪婪、懒惰成性，在位的48年当中，竟然有28年不理朝政，导致国家处于瘫痪状态。但是他虽然昏君懒惰，却耗银800万两，历时6年修建了他的陵寝。因此后人评论，其实明朝灭亡的命运，在万历皇帝时就已经成为定局。由于定陵的地面建筑屡遭战火和人为损坏，所以残存不多。并且和长陵的规制完全相同，所以咱们就直接去地宫。

地宫距地面27米，总面积达到了1195平方米，整个建筑都是砖石结构，分为前、中、后、左、右五个殿堂。共7座券门。后殿的门用汉白玉建造，有门丁九九八十一颗。象征阳数之极。

第6篇 十三陵导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计2747个字，预计看完需要7分钟，共有108位用户收藏，23人推荐！

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游__。

1992年，在“北京旅游世界之最”的评定中，专家学者对十三陵的判定语为“世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群”。20__年7月，明十三陵被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》明清皇家陵寝的扩展项目。《世界遗产名录》对它的评价如下：“明清皇家陵寝依照风水理论，精心选址，将数量众多的建筑物巧妙的安置于地下。它是人类改变自然的产物，体现了传统的建筑装饰思想，阐释了封建中国持续了500余年的世界观和权力观。”

(明成祖朱棣)

十三陵的第一个陵是长陵，从永乐七年(公元1409)动工兴建，到永乐十一年(公元l413)玄宫告成。长陵位于天寿山丰峰南面，它是永乐帝朱棣和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。

明成祖朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四个儿子，生于元至正二十年(1360)，明洪武三年(130)封为燕王，洪武十三年(1380)就藩北平。建文元年(1399)朱棣发动“靖难之役”，建文四年(1420)继承皇位，第二年改元永乐。其较突出的历史功绩有：主持编撰《永乐大典》和派遣郑和下西洋。中国被收入《世界遗产名录》的文化古迹中，有4项是朱棣开创奠基的，他们是北京故宫，北京天坛，北京明十三陵，湖北武当山道教古建筑群。皇后徐氏，是开国功臣中山王徐达的长女。永乐五年(公元1420__年)七月四日病逝，永乐十一年(公元1420__年)，首先被葬入长陵，她是葬入十三陵的第一人。长陵是明十三陵中规模宏大，营建时间最长，保存的最好的一座陵。

(长陵布局：长陵祾恩殿)

长陵陵园平面布局为“前方后圆”形制。“前方”，是三进深院落：第一深进院落大门为陵门，单檐歇山顶宫门式建筑，门内明朝时东建有神厨，西建有神库，神厨前有碑亭一座，神厨，神库均毁于清朝中期，碑亭尚存;第二进深院落大门为祾恩门，单檐歇山顶。门内即祾恩殿，面阔九间进深五间，重檐庑殿顶。祾恩殿是供奉帝后神位和举行祭祀活动的场所。“祾”是“祭而受福”，“恩”是“罔极之恩”的意思。长陵祾恩殿是明代帝王陵中唯一保存完整的祾恩殿。殿内有60根金丝楠木柱，当中4根柱的直径在l米以上，是我国保存最好的楠木大殿，十分珍贵;第三进深院落大门为棂星门，门内有两柱牌楼门和石几筵。“后圆”即指永乐帝的陵墓，它由宝城，宝山，方城，明楼组成。宝城状如圆形城堡，宝城围起来的土山]宝山，宝山下为玄宫。宝城正前方建方城，方城之上为重檐歇山顶明楼。明楼是每座陵墓的标志，也是每座陵墓中轴线上的最高建筑。原碑刻着朱棣原来的庙号“太宗”，后来世宗嘉靖七年(公元1528)改太宗为成祖，但没能换石碑，只是用木雕镶在成祖的石碑上。明楼内立“圣号碑”碑首为“大明”，下刻“成祖文皇帝之陵”7个字。

长陵陵园还辖有东，西井。东井在德陵馒头山的南面，西井在定陵西北。“井”内葬有被赐死的殉葬宫妃。

明长陵位于北京市昌平区怀长路上，处在天寿山主峰南麓，是明朝第三位皇帝成祖文皇帝朱棣(年号永乐)和皇后徐氏的合葬陵寝。在十三陵中建筑规模最大，营建时间最早，地面建筑也保存得最为完好。它是十三陵中的祖陵，也是陵区内最主要的旅游景点之一。长陵于永乐七年(1420__年)开始修建，永乐十三年(1420__年)完工。现存建筑有宝城、明楼、石五供、两柱牌楼门、祾恩殿、祾恩门、碑亭以及三进院落的宫墙和因墙而设的陵门、角门等。地宫未发掘，同时没有被盗墓记录。长陵目前对公众开放。

明长陵位于北京市昌平县境内，距北京故宫五十公里。陵区南起石牌坊，北倚天寿山主峰。四面环山，绿树丛丛。南面又有龙虎两山左右对峙，势如门户。当中奔流不息的山水自西向东而去，好似天然的护陵河。南北贯通的高速路似一条巨龙连接着长陵至故宫。

明长陵为十三陵之首，永乐皇帝和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。是永乐皇帝建北京皇宫(故宫)的第三年(公元1420__年)自建的“寿宫”。陵园规模宏大，用料严格考究，施工精细，工程浩繁，营建时日旷久，仅地下宫殿就历时四年。

明长陵陵恩殿是嗣皇帝祭祀永乐帝后的场所，建筑在汉白玉雕刻成的三层台基上，金砖铺地。殿面阔九间(66.56米)，进深五间(29.12米)，象征着皇帝“__”之位。所有木件全用金丝楠木为之，古色古香。一米多直径，十几米高的六十根金丝楠木大柱，承托着二千三百平方米的重檐庑殿顶，雄伟壮观、举世无双。最粗的一根重檐金柱，高12.58米，底径达到1.124米，为世间罕见佳木。殿中端坐于九龙宝座之上的永乐皇帝铜像，形象逼真，做工精湛考究，此造像是巨上精美绝伦的艺术佳作。此外陈列着明陵地宫出土文物数百件，播放1956年发掘地宫的实况录像，帮助游人解开地宫之谜。

明长陵，建筑最早、面积最大、规模最宏伟、工艺用料最考究、原建筑保护最完整。历经六百年沧桑，仍完好无损，金碧辉煌。它早已被公布为全国第一秕重点文物保护单位。它不权以其宏大的古建筑和辉煌的艺术成就，丰富的历史文化内涵，吸引着每年数以百万计的中外游人和各界专家学者，而且永乐皇帝是世界上赫赫有名的一代有作为的皇帝，所以长陵又是世界最有名的旅游胜地之一。

景区

祾恩门

《太常续考》等文献记载，天寿山诸陵陵殿名为“祾恩殿”，殿门名之为“祾恩门”，始于嘉靖十七年(1538年)，是世宗朱厚熜亲易佳名。其中，“祾”字取“祭而受福”之意，“恩”字取“罔极之恩”意，长陵棱恩门，为单檐歇山顶形制，面阔五间(通阔31.44米)，进深二间(通深14.37米)，正脊顶部距地面高14.57米。檐下斗拱为单翘重昂七踩式，其平身科斗拱耍头的后尾作斜起的杆状，与宋清做法俱不相同。室内明间、次间各设板门一道，稍间封以墙体。其中明间板门之上安有华带式榜额，书“祾恩门”三金字。“稜”字系后世修葺时误写。门下承以旱白玉栏杆围绕的须弥座式台基。其栏杆形制，为龙凤雕饰的望柱，和宝瓶、三幅云式的栏板。台基四角及各栏杆望柱之下，各设有排水用的石雕螭首(龙头)。台基前后则各设有三出踏跺式台阶。其中路台阶间的御路石上雕刻的浅浮雕图案十分精美：下面是海水江牙云腾浪涌，海水中宝山矗立，两匹海马跃出水面凌波奔驰;上面是两条矫健的巨龙在云海中升降飞腾，追逐火珠，呈现出一派波澜壮阔的雄伟景象。

陵宫建筑

长陵的陵宫建筑，占地约12万平方米。其平面布局呈前方后圆形状。其前面的方形部分，由前后相连的三进院落组成。第一进院落，前设陵门一座。其制为单檐歇山顶的宫门式建筑，面阔显五间，檐下额枋、飞子、檐椽及单昂三踩式斗拱均系琉璃构件;其下辟有三个红券门。陵门之前建有月台，左右建有随墙式角门(已拆除并封塞)。院内，明朝时建有神厨(居左)、神库(居右)各五间，神厨之前建有碑亭一座。神厨、神库均毁于清代中期，碑亭则保存至今。

介绍北京明十三陵的导游词范文

第7篇 十三陵导游词

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各位亲爱的朋友，我是旅行社导游小王，首先我代表旅行社欢迎大家!今天我们将要参观的景点是十三陵，它是著名的一个皇帝陵墓群，里面涉及到丰富的历史知识，所以请大家仔细聆听导游词介绍。

明十三陵是世界上埋葬皇帝最多、保存最完整的古代皇帝陵墓群，陵区内葬的是明朝的十三位皇帝，二十三位皇后及诸多嫔妃、太子和公主等。好了，说到这里可能大家有疑问了，明朝总共十六位皇帝呀，为什么是十三陵呢?请听导游词讲解。是这样的，明朝开国时定都南京，所以皇帝朱元璋葬在南京，而他的孙子朱允炆被朱棣夺去皇位之后，不知所踪，也无法建陵。还有后来的景泰皇帝，他与兄弟争夺皇位，最后被降级为王，失去了资格。所以今天的十三陵里面埋葬的只有十三位皇帝。大家了解了吗?

各位现在往这边看——这是十三陵的标志性建筑物石牌坊，至今已有四百多年历史了。现在往前看，这是十三陵的正门——大宫门，皇帝每次祭陵就要在大宫门前下马进入。

好了，我们面前的就是长陵了。长陵是朱棣和徐皇后的陵墓，也是最大、年代最久的陵墓。接着看到的是定陵，我们进定陵地宫看一看。这地宫总面积为1195平方米，分为前、中、后、左、右五个大殿。现在我们看到的就是地宫的精华部分了，这些全部都是皇帝生前的用品，珍贵奢侈，大家都叹为观止了吧!

接下来大家自由活动，下午5点前集合回去。有谁还想更仔细看看导游词的吗?好了，感谢大家，祝大家有愉快的一天!

第8篇 十三陵导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计592个字，预计看完需要2分钟，共有198位用户收藏，21人推荐！

明十三陵，世界文化遗产，全国重点文物保护单位，国家重点风景名胜区，国家aaaaa级旅游景区。

明十三陵坐落于北京市昌平区天寿山麓，总面积一百二十余平方公里，距离天安门约五十公里。自永乐七年(1409)五月始作长陵，到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止，其间230多年，先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、两位太监。截止20xx年，已开放景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵、神路。

十三陵地处东、西、北三面环山的小盆地之中，陵区周围群山环抱，中部为平原，陵前有小河曲折蜿蜒，山明水秀，景色宜人。这里自永乐七年(1409)五月始作长陵，到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止，其间230多年，先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、一位太监。

十三座皇陵均依山而筑，分别建在东、西、北三面的山麓上，形成了体系完整、规模宏大、气势磅礴的陵寝建筑群。明代术士认为，这里是"风水"胜境，绝佳"吉壤"。因此被明朝选为营建皇陵的"万年寿域"。该陵园建于1409～1644年，距今已有300～500多年历史。陵区占地面积达40平方公里，是中国乃至世界现存规模最大、帝后陵寝最多的一处皇陵建筑群。明代时，于途中的沙河镇北，建有七孔石造"朝宗桥"。在镇东，则筑有壮丽的"巩华城"。该城原为嘉靖皇帝祭陵时中途休息的行宫，现仅存遗址。

第9篇 十三陵导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计453个字，预计看完需要2分钟，共有137位用户收藏，16人推荐！

明十三陵是中国明朝皇帝的墓葬群，坐落在北京西北郊昌平区境内的燕山山麓的天寿山。总面积一百二十余平方公里，距离北京约五十公里。 这里自永乐七年五月始作长陵，到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止，其间230多年，先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。十三座皇陵均依山而筑，分别建在东、西、北三面的山麓上，形成了体系完整、规模宏大、气势磅礴的陵寝建筑群。 明代术士认为，这里是“风水”胜境，绝佳“吉壤”。因此被明朝选为营建皇陵的“万年寿域”。

十三位皇帝陵墓分别为：长陵(成祖)、献陵(仁宗)、景陵(宣宗)、裕陵(英宗)、茂陵(宪宗)、泰陵(孝宗)、康陵(武宗)、永陵(世宗)、昭陵(穆宗)、定陵(神宗)、庆陵(光宗)、德陵(熹宗)、思陵(思宗)。景区已开放景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵、神路。

明十三陵全年适宜，但是春秋天气最佳，北京的春秋不冷不热，气候适中，是理想的旅游季节，尤其是秋季天高气爽，气候宜人。

明朝迁都北京后13位皇帝长眠于此，依山而筑，分别建在东、西、北三面的山麓上，形成了气势磅礴的陵寝建筑群，逝者去，陵犹在。

第10篇 十三陵导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计2082个字，预计看完需要6分钟，共有287位用户收藏，10人推荐！

明十三陵位于北京昌平区天寿山，因明代迁都北京后有十三位皇帝埋葬于此，故称十三陵。明十三陵自永乐年间建长陵至今已有近620xx年的历史，它用一条总神道、一座石牌坊、一组石像生，把整个陵区联系在了一起，形成了一个整体，是世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝较多的帝王陵墓群。

明永乐年间，明成祖朱棣的皇后徐氏去世，朱棣命礼部尚书和一名江西术士前往北京一代卜选陵址。大概两年后，选中了今昌平区康家庄楼子营一带。这一带青山环抱，绿水长流。北面的“龙脉”奔腾而来，气势磅礴。至此三峰并峙，山前一马平川，蟒山绕其左，虎峪踞其右。外围重峦叠嶂，如“万骑簇拥，千官侍从”。正是风水理论中的“山川大聚”之势，真正只有帝王才配享用的宝地。朱棣亲临阅视后十分满意，封其山为“万寿山”，选择吉日，动工兴建。永乐十一年玄宫建成后，从南京迎皇后徐氏的棺椁北上，择吉入藏，并将陵寝命名为“长陵”。此后长陵的附属建筑仍在逐步营建，直至宣德二年，长陵工程在大体完工，历时20xx年，加之陆续建成的神道等设施，到长陵终建成，共历时130余年。

朱棣在北京建造皇陵主要有两个原因，首先是政治原因。朱棣发动“靖难之役”，推翻了侄子建文帝朱允炆的政权，朱允炆在宫内大火中不知所终。朱棣登基后一直心有不安，除了派人寻找朱允炆的下落外，又制造的“壬午殉难”，大杀朱允炆朝臣，但人心终究不服。北京是朱棣经营多年的根据地，所以自他登基之初便计划迁都北京。皇陵随之建在北京，也是顺理成章的事。

其次是战略原因。明朝初年，元朝的残余势力逃到漠北，成为明朝北方的长期威胁。而南京鞭长莫及，难以控制北方的局势。所以朱棣迁都北京的同时在北京卜选陵址是极具战略意义的，而这一举措也确实对明朝疆域的巩固起到了重要的作用。明正统年间，发生了“土木之变”，英宗被俘。这是就有人建议迁都南京，反对者就说“怎么能弃祖坟于不顾，丢给敌人呢?”这一道理保住了大明江山。

清朝时对明陵进行了管理、修葺，并找到了明皇室的直系后裔朱之琏，封他及其后代为一等延恩侯，世代负责明陵的祭祀及管理。

从代朱之琏开始，朱氏侯爵的身份延续了11代。民国年间后一代延恩侯朱煜勋被民国政府委以明陵保管员之职，但他不但白拿钱不干活，还有监守自盗的嫌疑。民国政府下令撤销其职位，将明十三陵交由昌平县管理。从此明陵香火断绝，延恩侯退出历史舞台。

现在的明十三陵面积约80平方千米，陵内葬有13位皇帝，23位皇后，1位皇贵妃及殉葬宫人数十人。另外还有7座妃坟园寝和一座太监墓(王承恩)。现在明十三陵已成为闻名中外的旅游胜地，并于20xx年列入《世界遗产名录》

长陵神道总长约7.3米，走向随地形变化而回转起伏。在这条神道上，自南向北依次建有石牌坊、大红门、长陵神功圣德碑、石像生、棂星门。

石牌坊位于神道南端，建于明嘉靖年间，是我国现存建筑等级的大型仿木结构石牌坊。此牌坊用青白石料组装雕琢而成，其结构为“五间、六柱、十一楼”。石牌坊是十三陵的标志性建筑，其位置的选择十分重要。南北方向上，牌坊中门正对着天寿山主峰，东西方向上与龙山、虎山相应。陵区南侧，龙、虎山相距稍远，欲连未连，石牌坊建在这里，正可弥补空间上的不足，使其地势贯通。

大红门是陵区的正门，位于龙、虎山之间，距石牌坊1.25千米。其规制为单檐庑殿顶，红墙黄瓦，开券门3洞。明朝时门两侧建有红墙，红墙上设有左右随墙门以便日常出入。门前左右立下马碑两方，正反面刻有“官员人等至此下马”8字。大红门正门为帝后棺椁及神御物品的通道，左门为皇帝谒陵时行走，右门为大臣们谒陵时行走。

穿过大红门继续向前走就来到了长陵神功圣德碑碑亭。碑亭为重檐歇山顶，四面辟门，正方形，碑亭四角各立有一座汉白玉华表。碑亭内便是神功圣德碑。

长陵神功圣德碑上为盘龙碑首，下为龟趺驮碑，碑首上刻“大明长陵神功圣德碑”9字。“神功圣德”指的是对帝王历史地位的评价。石碑的正面是明仁宗朱高炽为其父撰写的3000余字的碑文，其余三面原来没有文字，清乾隆时期在碑的背面刻了御制诗《哀明陵三十韵》，后又在碑的左侧刻御制诗一首。清嘉庆时期在碑的右侧刻了御制文一片，讲的是明朝亡国的教训得失。

穿过碑亭，走在神道上，可看到两侧的石像生。陵墓前设置石像生始于秦汉，是用来象征死者生前的仪仗用的。明十三陵的石像生沿用了明孝陵的规制，但增加了4尊功臣像。长陵石像生以一对望柱开始，望柱呈六边形，底为须弥座，柱雕云纹，顶为云龙纹柱帽。石望柱之后800米的神道上排列着石兽12对、石人6对，石兽每种两对，两立两卧。这些石像生分别是：

狮子：象征威武 獬豸：象征公平正义 骆驼：象征运输和坚忍不拔的精神 大象：象征力量和祥瑞 麒麟：象征太平和祥瑞 马：象征皇帝的御用仪仗 将军：象征帝王朝会中的将军 品官：象征帝王朝会中的各级官员 功臣：象征帝王朝会中的功臣。

走过神道，迎面可见的是棂星门。此处棂星门为三开间，门上中间各饰火焰宝珠，故又称火焰牌坊，也叫龙凤门。棂星门象征着天宫之门，宫殿、坛庙、陵寝中的棂星门均有尊天子宫寝之门为天门的意思。