学会英语演讲稿 模板1
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teachers and schoolmates:
everybody is good!
in our life will gradually grow up grow up we are going to face a test that is to learn to independent life to care about others cherish others. then you should let into the quality of the childhood.
but now the social life is not people imagination of so. take the child and family relationship now most people are only child in the home in the home have parents grandparents" care care to have friends in outside have not affected by a little grievance. if life in such a space like this does not have an independent life let alone to care for others. children live in such environment just learned let other people to care about his love him but he didn"t know to care for others to cherish others. this will gradually away from his friends and to. the habit of such children only know clothing to hand foot. then later can"t to face the competition of the society also can not to face the test of life if grow up at work encounter a little bit of difficulty will wince not brave to face it. grow up quarreled followed by others he also will only stand in his attitude to speak never stand in other"s perspective and attitude to consider the title. if standing in the perspective of others attitude to consider the topic words then can better to solve questions.
win will tell the story below when there are two old fo_ had his own little fo_ fo_ can care and feeding. and even for small fo_ get enrichment and delicious things at risk to rush the hunter set a trap but wait until fo_ grow up in order to make them form the ability of independent living two old fo_ are desperately chasing fo_ put it away from your own. that we humans can"t do it is parents wants to cast us out we want to independent life parents but the heart is too soft is not willing to let us go we have to stay in my parents" side. so according to become our country there are many children can"t independent to life is not to care about others to cherish others.
then we should start small do not want to depend on their parents if the parents are dead when i grow up we will depend on who is that? can only rely on our independent to life to face the test of life. is every child can be independent to live to care for others then why is in fact not so? by which family the parents too doting on their children what have not let the children do don"t let the children eat a little bitter so our country is not an independent life so that people can"t to see the topic from the perspective of others. so much to see today"s parents don"t spoil their children should be in real life to accompany raising their independence to life also let their children stand in others" attitude and point of view to consider the title. so that they can to competition after grow up to face the severe test. so much to see all of the parents don"t spoil their children also let go of your hand let their children to learn in life to independent living can stand in the other"s perspective and attitude to consider questions then later their children can be for his hometown for the society to create the good to come.
thank you all!
关于学会独立英语演讲稿
学会英语演讲稿 模板2
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演说题目：坠机让我学会的3件事
演说者：ric elias
imagine a big e_plosion as you climb through 3,000 ft. imagine a plane full of smoke. imagine an engine going clack, clack, clack, clack, clack, clack, clack. it sounds scary.
想像一个大爆炸，当你在三千多英尺的高空;想像机舱内布满黑烟，想像引擎发出喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦的声响，听起来很可怕。
well i had a unique seat that day. i was sitting in 1d. i was the only one who can talk to the flight attendants. so i looked at them right away, and they said, "no problem. we probably hit some birds." the pilot had already turned the plane around, and we weren"t that far. you could see manhattan.
那天我的位置很特別，我坐在1d，我是唯一可以和空服员说话的人，于是我立刻看着他们，他们说，"没问题，我们可能撞上鸟了。" 机长已经把机头转向，我们离目的地很近，已经可以看到曼哈顿了。
two minutes later, 3 things happened at the same time. the pilot lines up the plane with the hudson river. that"s usually not the route. he turns off the engines. now imagine being in a plane with no sound. and then he says 3 words-the most unemotional 3 words i"ve ever heard. he says, "brace for impact."
两分钟以后，三件事情同时发生：机长把飞机对齐哈德逊河，一般的航道可不是这样。他关上引擎。想像坐在一架没有声音的飞机上。然后他说了几个字，我听过最不带情绪的几个字，他说，"即将迫降，小心冲击。"
i didn"t have to talk to the flight attendant anymore. i could see in her eyes, it was terror. life was over.
我不用再问空服员什么了。我可以在她眼神里看到恐惧，人生结束了。
now i want to share with you 3 things i learned about myself that day.
现在我想和你们分享那天我所学到的三件事。
i leant that it all changes in an instant. we have this bucket list, we have these things we want to do in life, and i thought about all the people i wanted to reach out to that i didn"t, all the fences i wanted to mend, all the e_periences i wanted to have and i never did. as i thought about that later on, i came up with a saying, which is, "collect bad wines". because if the wine is ready and the person is there, i"m opening it. i no longer want to postpone anything in life. and that urgency, that purpose, has really changed my life.
在那一瞬间内，一切都改变了。我们的人生目标清单，那些我们想做的事，所有那些我想联络却没有联络的人，那些我想修补的围墙，人际关系，所有我想经历却没有经历的事。之后我回想那些事，我想到一句话，那就是，"我收藏的酒都很差。" 因为如果酒已成熟，分享对象也有，我早就把把酒打开了。我不想再把生命中的任何事延后，这种紧迫感、目标性改变了我的生命。
the second thing i learnt that day - and this is as we clear the george washington bridge, which was by not a lot - i thought about, wow, i really feel one real regret, i"ve lived a good life. in my own humanity and mistaked, i"ve tired to get better at everything i tried. but in my humanity, i also allow my ego to get in. and i regretted the time i wasted on things that did not matter with people that matter. and i thought about my relationship with my wife, my friends, with people. and after, as i reflected on that, i decided to eliminate negative energy from my life. it"s not perfect, but it"s a lot better. i"ve not had a fight with my wife in 2 years. it feels great. i no longer try to be right; i choose to be happy.
那天我学到的第二件事是，正当我们通过乔治华盛顿大桥，那也没过多久，我想，哇，我有一件真正后悔的事。虽然我有人性缺点，也犯了些错，但我生活得其实不错。我试着把每件事做得更好。但因为人性，我难免有些自我中心，我后悔竟然花了许多时间，和生命中重要的人讨论那些不重要的事。我想到我和妻子、朋友及人们的关系，之后，回想这件事时，我决定除掉我人生中的负面情绪。还没完全做到，但确实好多了。过去两年我从未和妻子吵架，感觉很好，我不再尝试争论对错，我选择快乐。
the third thing i learned - and this"s as you mental clock starts going, "15, 14, 13." you can see the water coming. i"m saying, "please blow up." i don"t want this thing to break in 20 pieces like you"ve seen in those documentaries. and as we"re coming down, i had a sense of, wow, dying is not scary. it"s almost like we"ve been preparing for it our whole lives .but it was very sad. i didn"t want to go. i love my life. and that sadness really framed in one thought, which is, i only wish for one thing. i only wish i could see my kids grow up.
我所学到的第三件事是，当你脑中的始终开始倒数"15，14，13"，看到水开始涌入，心想，"拜托爆炸吧!" 我不希望这东西碎成20片，就像纪录片中看到的那样。当我们逐渐下沉，我突然感觉到，哇，死亡并不可怕，就像是我们一生一直在为此做准备，但很令人悲伤。我不想就这样离开，我热爱我的生命。这个悲伤的主要来源是，我只期待一件事，我只希望能看到孩子长大。
about a month later, i was at a perfmance by my daugter - first-grade, not much artistic talent... yet. and i "m balling, i"m crying, like a little kid. and it made all the sense in the world to me. i realized at that point by connecting those two dots, that the only thing that matters in my life is being a great dad. above all, above all, the only goal i have in life is to be a good dad.
一个月后，我参加女儿的表演，她一年级，没什么艺术天份，就算如此。我泪流满面，像个孩子，这让我的世界重新有了意义。当当时我意识到，将这两件事连接起来，其实我生命中唯一重要的事，就是成为一个好父亲，比任何事都重要，比任何事都重要，我人生中唯一的目标就是做个好父亲。
i was given the gift of a miracle, of not dying that day. i was given another gift, which was to be able to see into the future and come back and live differently.
那天我经历了一个奇迹，我活下來了。我还得到另一个启示，像是看见自己的未来再回來，改变自己的人生。
i challenge you guys that are flying today, imagine the same thing happens on your plane - and please don"t - but imagine, and how would you change? what would you get done that you"re waiting to get done because you think you"ll be here forever? how would you change your relationtships and the negative energy in them? and more than anything, are you being the best parent you can?thank you。
我鼓励今天要坐飞机的各位，想像如果你坐的飞机出了同样的事，最好不要-但想像一下，你会如何改变?有什么是你想做却没做的，因为你觉得你有其它机会做它?你会如何改变你的人际关系，不再如此负面?最重要的是，你是否尽力成为一个好父母?谢谢。
学会英语演讲稿 模板3
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how to learn any language in si_ months
演讲者：chris lonsdale
/ 中英对照演讲稿 /
have you ever held a question in mind for so long that it becomes part of how you think?maybe even part of who you are as a person?
你是否曾经把一个问题留在心中很久，结果它已经成为你的一种思路?甚至可能已经成为你自己的一部分?
well i"ve had a question in my mind for many, many years and that is: how can you speed up learning? now, this is an interesting question because if you speed up learning you can spend less time at school. and if you learn really fast, you probably wouldn"t have to go to school at all.
有一个问题我思考了很多很多年，就是：你怎样才能加快自己学习的速度?这是一个很有趣的问题，因为如果你可以加快自己的学习速度，你就可以花更少时间在学校里。 如果你真的可以学习得特别快，你可能根本就不用去上学。
now, when i was young, school was sort of okay but i found quite often that school got in the way of learning so i had this question in mind: how do you learn faster? and this began when i was very, very young. when i was about eleven years old i wrote a letter to researchers in the soviet union, asking about hypnopaedia, this is sleep learning, where you get a tape recorder, you put it beside your bed and it turns on in the middle of the night when you"re sleeping, and you"re supposed to be learning from this.
我小时候上学还凑合，但我常常发现上学会阻碍学习，因此在我心里面有了这样一个问题：怎样才能学得更快呢?(这个想法)在我很小时候已经开始了，大约我11 岁时，我给前苏联的研究者写了一封关于睡眠学习的信， 所谓"睡觉学习"，就是拿个磁带录音机放在你床边， 等你入眠后机器开始播放磁带，目的是通过这种方式来学习。
a good idea, unfortunately it doesn"t work. but, hypnopaedia did open the doors to research in other areas and we"ve had incredible discoveries about learning that began with that first question.i went on from there to become passionate about psychology and i have been involved in psychology in many ways for the rest of my life up until this point.
这看似 一个好主意，不幸的是它行不通。但睡眠学习确实打开了研究其他领域的大门，并且我们从研究这个问题开始已经有了一些惊人的发现。从那开始我对心理学充满热情，直到现在我已经投入了几十年的时间从事心理学相关的不同研究和工作。
in 1981 i took myself to china and i decided that i was going to be native level in chinese inside two years.now, you need to understand that in 1981, everybody thought chinese was really, really difficult and that a westerner could study for ten years or more and never really get very good at it.and i also went in with a different idea which was: taking all of the conclusions from psychological research up to that point and applying them to the learning process.
1981年，我来到了中国, 并且决定在两年内我的汉语要达到像中文母语者一样的水平。你需要明白的是, 在 20 世纪 80 年代初，所有人都认为汉语是真的很难学，一个西方人可能学习10 年或以上也未必能学好。还有，我带着一种不同的想法，就是把心理学对这个问题研究所得的全部结论运用到我学习的过程当中。
what was really cool was that in si_ months i was fluent in mandarin chinese and took a little bit longer to get up to native. but i looked around and i saw all of these people from different countries struggling terribly with chinese, i saw chinese people struggling terribly to learn english and other languages, and so my question got refined down to: how can you help a normal adult learn a new language quickly, easily and effectively?
特别棒的是, 我在六个月内能说流利的中文，不久后，我达到了中文母语者的水平。但我看到周围那些来自不同国家的人在为学习中文苦苦挣扎，中国人在为学习英文或其他语言苦苦挣扎，因此我的问题便细化到：怎样帮助一位正常的成年人更快、更容易和有效地学会第二门语言。
now this is a really, really important question in today"s world. we have massive challenges with environment. we have massive challenges with social dislocation, with wars, all sorts of things going on and if we can"t communicate we"re really going to have difficulty solving these problems.so we need to be able to speak each other"s languages. this is really, really important.
要强调的是，在今天的世界里这是一个非常非常重要的问题。我们需要面对大量的(有关)环保问题的挑战，我们需要面对很多社会混乱和战争的挑战，各种各类事情在发生，如果我们不能沟通那我们将难以解决这些问题。因此，我们需要能够说对方的语言。这真的非常重要。
the question then is how do you do that? well, it"s actually really easy. you look around for people who can already do it, you look for situations where it"s already working and then you identify the principles and apply them. it"s called modeling and i"ve been looking at language learning and modeling language learning for about fifteen to twenty years now.
接下来的问题是，怎样做到?这实际上是很容易的。看看你周围那些已经做到的人，寻找在什么情况下，它是有效的，识别这些原则后好好利用它们。这是一种高科技模仿，而我已经用这种方法研究语言学习大约15到20__年了。接着多年的观察，我得到的结论是，任何一个成年人能在6个月内把任何外语学得流利。
and my conclusion, my observation from this is that any adult can learn a second language to fluency inside si_ months.now when i say this, most people think i"m crazy, this is not possible. so let me remind everybody of the history of human progress, it"s all about e_panding our limits.
呐，当我说成年人能在6个月内学会任何一种外语，大多数人都认为我疯了，这是不可能的。因此，先让我提醒在座各位关于人类历史的进展，所有人类历史都是在扩展我们的极限。
in 1950 everybody believed that running one mile in four minutes was impossible and then roger bannister did it in 1956 and from there it"s got shorter and shorter. 100 years ago everybody believed that heavy stuff doesn"t fly。e_cept it does and we all know this. how does heavy stuff fly?we reorganize the materials using principles that we have learned from observing nature, birds in this case.
在20世纪50年代，所有人都相信跑出4分钟1英里的成绩是不可能的，后来罗杰?班尼斯特在1965年做到了，而从那开始跑1英里的时间变得越来越短。120__年前，每个人都相信重的物体不能飞。它不但可以飞，而且我们大家都知道这个事实。那么，重物是怎样飞的呢?我们观察大自然的原理，在此是鸟飞行的原理，根据这些我们重新组织材料来使重物可以飞。
and today we"ve gone ever further, so you can fly a car. you can buy one of these for a couple hundred thousand us dollars. we now have cars in the world that can fly.and there"s a different way to fly that we"ve learned from squirrels.
如今，我们甚至走得更远，你可以驾驶一辆会飞的汽车。你可以花几十万美元购买一辆这样的汽车。我们现在有了会飞的汽车了。在能飞的松鼠的身上我们学会了另一种不同的方式来飞。
so all you need to do is copy what a flying squirrel does, build a suit called a wing suit and off you go, you can fly like a squirrel.
你只要做的是去复制一只飞鼠如何飞的原理，建造一套翼服，你就可以像一只飞鼠那样可以在天空中飞翔。
now, most people, a lot of people, i wouldn"t say everybody but a lot of people think they can"t draw.however there are some key principles, five principles that you can apply to learning to draw and you can actually learn to draw in five days.so, if you draw like this, you learn these principles for five days and apply them and after five days you can draw something like this.
那么，大多数人，很多人，我不会说所有人，但很多人认为他们不会画画。然而这里有一些重要的原则，5个原则你可以利用来学习画画并且实际上你可以在5天内学会。如果你平时画成这样，那么你学习5天这些原则, 然后应用它们，5天后，你可以画成这样。
now i know this is true because that was my first drawing and after five days of applying these principles that was what i was able to do. and i looked at this and i went ‘wow," so that"s how i look like when i"m concentrating so intensely that my brain is e_ploding.
我知道这是真的，因为那是我第一次画的，5 天后我应用了这些原则，我可以做到这样。当我看着这个，我"哇"了一声，那就是我非常强烈的专注，专注到我大脑快要爆炸的样子呀!
so, anybody can learn to draw in five days and in the same way, with the same logic, anybody can learn a second language in si_ months.
因此，任何人都能够用 5 天时间学会画画，同样地，用同样的方式和逻辑，任何人都可以在 6 个月内学会一门外语。
how: there are five principles and seven actions.there may be a few more but these are absolutely core.and before i get into those i just want to talk about two myths, dispel two myths.
怎么做呢?有 5个原则和 7个行动可以参考。可能有更多，但这些绝对是核心部分。进入这些点之前我想先说说两个误区并消除它们。
the first is that you need talent.let me tell you about zoe. zoe came from australia, went to holland, was trying to learn dutch, struggling a great deal and finally people were saying: ‘you"re completely useless," ‘you"re not talented," ‘give up," ‘you"re a waste of time" and she was very, very depressed.and then she came across these five principles, she moved to brazil and she applied them and within si_ months she was fluent in portuguese, so talent doesn"t matter.
误区一, 你需要有天赋。让我跟你们说说关于佐伊的事情。佐伊是澳大利亚人，她去到荷兰并尝试学习荷兰语。她非常挣扎，最后人们跟她说，"没用的，""你没有天赋，""还是放弃吧，""你根本就是在浪费时间。"她对此感到非常沮丧。后来，她无意中发现了这 5 个原则，去了巴西，并把这些原则应用到她学习葡萄牙语中，6 个月内，她可以说流利的葡萄牙语了。因此，天赋不重要。
people also think that immersion in a new country is the way to learn a language. but look around hong kong, look at all the westerners who"ve been here for ten years, who don"t speak a word of chinese.look at all the chinese living in america, britain, australia, canada who have been there ten, twenty years and they don"t speak any english. immersion per se doesn"t not work, why? because a drowning man cannot learn to swim.
人们还认为学会一门外语最好的方式就是，到说该门语言的国家去。但是看看在香港已经呆了 10 年的西方人，还是一句中文也不会说。看看那些居住在美国、英国、澳大利亚、加拿大 10 年、20 年的中国人，还是不会一句英文。只呆在一个新的国家本身是没有用的。为什么?因为溺水的人是学不会游泳的。
when you don"t speak a language you"re like a baby and if you drop yourself into a conte_t which is all adults talking about stuff over your head, you won"t learn. so, what are the five principles that you need to pay attention to;
当你不能说那种语言，你就像一个婴儿，如果你进入一个环境，那里全部都是成年人在叽叽呱呱的说一些你完全听不明白的话，你还是学不会。那么你需要注意的那 5 个原则是什么呢?
first: there are four words, attention, meaning, relevance and memory, and these interconnect in very important ways. especially when you"re talking about learning.come with me on a journey through a forest.you go on a walk through a forest and you see something like this.little marks on a tree, maybe you pay attention, maybe you don"t.
首先，有四个词，注意力、含义、关联和记忆。这些在很多非常重要的方面是相互连接的，特别在你谈论学习时。请跟随我来一趟森林之旅。你穿越森林，然后你看到一个像这样的东西。你可能注意到树上的这些小标志，可能没有。
you go another fifty metres and you see this.you should be paying attention.another fifty metres, if you haven"t been paying attention, you see this.and at this point, you"re paying attention. and you"ve just learned that this is important, it"s relevant because it means this, and anything that is related, any information related to your survival is stuff that you"re going to pay attention to and therefore you"re going to remember it.
然后你继续向前走 50 米，你看到了这个。你应该要注意了。再 50 米，如果你还没注意的话，你会看到这个。当看到这个的时候，你就要注意了。你刚刚学习到了这个是重要的，它与你有重要关系，因为它代表这个。任何有关联的东西，任何有关你生存的信息都是值得你注意的，而你给注意力的就会记住的。
if it"s related to your personal goals then you"re going to pay attention to it, if it"s relevant you"re going to remember it. so, the first rule, the first principle for learning a language is focus on language content that is relevant to you.which brings us to tools.we master tools by using tools and we learn tools the fastest when they are relevant to us. so let me share a story. a keyboard is a tool. typing chinese a certain way, there are methods for this.
如果它关于你个人目标的，那么你就会注意到它，如果它与你是有关联的，你就会记住它。因此，学习一门语言的第一个原则就是, 注意那些与你息息相关的语言内容上。这就让我们谈到工具。我们通过使用工具来掌握工具，而当这些工具与我们息息相关的时候，我们就可以学得很快。先让我分享一个故事。
that"s a tool.i had a colleague many years ago who went to night school; tuesday night, thursday night, two hours each night, practicing at home, she spent nine months, and she did not learn to type chinese.
键盘是一个工具。有不同方法打中文字。这些方法属于工具的一种。多年前，我有一位同事，她上夜校学习中文打字。每周二、周四晚上，她都用 2 个小时上课，然后也在家练习，她花了 9 个月的时间，仍然没学会打中文字。
and one night we had a crisis.we had forty eight hours to deliver a training manual in chinese. and she got the job, and i can guarantee you in forty eight hours, she learned to type chinese because it was relevant, it was important, it was meaningful, she was using a tool to create value.so the second tool for learning a language is to use your language as a tool to communicate right from day one. as a kid does.
一天晚上，我们有一件紧急的事情。我们有 48 个小时来准备用中文发表一本训练手册。她获得了这个任务 ，并且我可以像你保证，在 48 个小时内，她学会了用中文打字。因为这是相关的、重要的、有意义的，她在使用一种工具来创造价值。因此，学习一门语言的第二个工具是从第一天开始，用你的语言作为一种工具来沟通，像一个孩子那样做。
when i first arrived in china i didn"t speak a word of chinese, and on my second week i got to take a train ride overnight.i spent eight hours sitting in the dining car talking to one of the guards on the train. he took an interest in me for some reason, and we just chatted all night in chinese and he was drawing pictures and making movements with his hands and facial e_pressions and piece by piece by piece i understood more and more.
当我初次来到中国，我一句中文都不会说。第二个星期我乘坐火车过夜。我花了 8 个小时，坐在餐车，跟一位乘警聊。因为某种原因，他对我很感兴趣。我们在那用中文聊了整夜，随着他画画、比划双手并动用他的面部表情，我逐渐地明白越来越多。
but what was really cool, was two weeks later, when people were talking chinese around me, i was understanding some of this and i hadn"t even made any effort to learn that. what had happened? i"d absorbed it that night on the train, which brings us to the third principle when you first understand the message, then you will acquire the language unconsciously.
但是真正有趣的是，两个星期后，当人们在我周围说中文的时候，我可以明白一些而且我并没有为之付出任何努力。发生了什么?在火车的那晚我已经吸收了中文，这也是我们要说的第三个原则。当你已经理解沟通的信息含义，接下来你将不知不觉下意识的获得该语言。
and this is really, really well documented now, it"s something called comprehensible input and there"s twenty or thirty years of research on this. stephen krashen, a leader in the field has published all sorts of these different studies and this is just from one of them.
而且这是有充足的证据证明的，我们把它称之为"可明白输入"，而这个概念被研究了研究二三十年。此领域的佼佼者史蒂夫·克拉申发布了各类不同的学术研究成果，而这些数据来自他的一个报告。
the purple bars show the scores on different tests for language. the purple people were people who had learned by grammar and formal study, the green ones are the ones who learned by comprehensible input. so, comprehension works.comprehension is key and language learning is not about accumulating lots of knowledge. in many, many ways it"s about physiological training.
条形图里面的紫色部分显示不同语言测试的成绩。紫色代表那些通过正式学习和学习语法的人，绿色的代表那些通过可明白输入学习的人。因此，可明白意思的输入是有效的。理解是很关键的，而学语言本身不仅仅是获取大量的知识。在很多方面，更多的是生理的训练。
a woman i know from taiwan did great at english at school, she got a grades all the way through, went through college, a grades, went to the us and found she couldn"t understand what people were saying. and people started asking her: ‘are you deaf?"
and she was. english deaf.
我认识一位来自台湾的女士，上学时英文成绩很好，大学英语也很优秀。后来，她到了美国，竟然发现自己听不懂别人在说什么。然后人们开始问她："你是聋的吗?"她确实是。英语聋子。
because we have filters in our brain that filter in the sounds that we are familiar with and they filter out the sounds of languages we"re not. and if you can"t hear it, you won"t understand it and if you can"t understand it, you"re not going to learn it.
因为在我们大脑里有一些过滤器会帮助我们过滤熟悉的语言声音进入脑子里，而把不熟悉的语言声音过滤出去。如果你听不到，你不会明白;你听不明白，你将不能学会它。
so you actually have to be able to hear these sounds.and there are ways to do that but it"s physiological training. speaking takes muscle. you"ve got forty-three muscles in your face, you have to coordinate those in a way that you make sounds that other people will understand.
因此，你必须能够听到这些声音。这里有一些方法来做到，但这些是生理上的训练。说话需要用到肌肉。在你的脸上有 43 块肌肉，你必须协调好这些肌肉来发声，让别人明白你的话。
if you"ve ever done a new sport for a couple of days, then you know how your body feels. and it hurts. if your face is hurting you"re doing it right.
如果你曾经有做过几天新的运动，你会知道你的身体有什么感觉。有点酸疼。如果你的面部有这种酸疼的感觉，那就对了。
and the final principle is state. psycho-physiological state. if you"re sad, angry, worried, upset, you"re not going to learn. period. if you"re happy, rela_ed, in an alpha brain state, curious, you"re going to learn really quickly, and very specifically you need to be tolerant of ambiguity. if you"re one of those people who needs to understand 100% every word you"re hearing, you will go nuts, because you"ll be incredibly upset all the time, because you"re not perfect.
最后一个原则是状态。心理生理的状态。如果你伤心、生气、担心、沮丧，你将不能学会。绝对是这样。如果你是在一个开心、放松、好奇的大脑状态下，你将很快学会，而且需要明确的一点是，你需要忍受歧义。如果你是那种在听的时候需要百分百听明白别人在说的每一个词的人之一，你会因为你无时无刻(的)沮丧感和你的不完美而发疯了。
if you"re comfortable with getting some, not getting some, just paying attention to what you do understand, you"re going to be fine, you"ll be rela_ed and you"ll be learning quickly.
如果你对听明白一些、听不明白一些而感到舒服，并把注意力放在你明白的部分，你将会学好，而且你的状态越轻松，你将学得越快。
so based on those five principles, what are the seven actions that you need to take
那么在这 5 个原则上，你还需要哪 7 个行动呢?
number one: listen a lot. i call it brain soaking。you put yourself in a conte_t where you"re hearing tons and tons and tons of a language and it doesn"t matter if you understand it or not。 you"re listening to the rhythm ,you"re listening to the patterns that repeat, you"re listening to things that stand out。 so, just soak your brain in this.
第一，多听。我把它叫做泡脑子。你把自己置放在听很多很多语言的环境当中，听得明白与否无关重要。在听的时候，你是在听它的节奏、听它重复的模式、听凸出来的词语。像这个泡泡你的脑子。
the second action: is that you get the meaning first, even before you get the words. you go "well how do i do that?"， i don"t know the words. well, you understand what these different postures mean. human communication is body language in many, many ways, so much body language.
第二个行动是，在获取单词之前先获取它的意思。你可能在想，这个我怎么知道的呢?我不知道那些单词!但你可以理解那些不同手势代表的含义。身体语言占领人类交流的一大部分。
from body language you can understand a lot of communication, therefore, you"re understanding, you"re acquiring through comprehensible input.and you can also use patterns that you already know. if you"re a chinese speaker of mandarin and cantonese and you go vietnam, you will understand 60% of what they say to you in daily conversation, because vietnamese is about 30% mandarin, 30% cantonese.
从身体语言，你可以理解很多对话内容，因此，你通过可明白输入理解、获取它的含义。你还可以利用你已经知道的模式。如果你是说国语和粤语，当你去到越南，你可以明白 60%的日常用语，因为越南话有 30%的国语和 30%的粤语。
the third action: start mi_ing. you probably have never thought of this but if you"ve got ten verbs, ten nouns and ten adjectives you can say one thousand different things. language is a creative process. what do babies do? okay: me, bat(h)， now， okay, that"s how they communicate.so start mi_ing, get creative, have fun with it, it doesn"t have to be perfect it just has to work.
第三个行动：开始混合。你可能之前没有想过这个，但如果你有10个动词，10个名词和 10个形容词，你可以说一千句不同的话。语言是创造的过程。孩子是怎么做的呢?我，澡澡，现在......这就是他们说话的方式。所以现在开始混合、创造并从中获得趣味。你不需要做到完美，你能沟通就好。而且当你这样做的时候，你把注意力放在核心上。
and when you"re doing this you focus on the core. what does that mean? well any language has high frequency content. in english 1000 words covers 85% of anything you"re ever going to say in daily communication. 3000 words give you 98% of anything you"re going to say in daily conversation. you got 3000 words, you"re speaking the language. the rest is icing on the cake.
任何语言都有它的高频内容。英语有1000个高频词覆盖你85%的日常交流。而3000个高频词将覆盖98%的日常交流。你有 3000个高频词，你将可以说一门外语。剩余的是锦上添花。
and when you"re just beginning with a new language start with the tool bo_. week number one in your new language you say things like: ‘how do you say that?" ‘i don"t understand,"‘repeat that please," ‘what does that mean," all in your target language.
当你开始学习一门外语，从工具箱开始。第一周，你会用新语言说一些像这样的话"那个你怎么说?""我不明白，""请重复，""那是什么意思"全都用你的目标语言。
you"re using it as a tool, making it useful to you, it"s relevant to learn other things about the language. it"s by week two that you should be saying things like: ‘me," ‘this," ‘you," ‘that," ‘give," you know, ‘hot," simple pronouns, simple nouns, simple verbs, simple adjectives, communicating like a baby.
你把它当做工具来用，并且利用好它，这对学习该门语言的其他东西是有重大关系的。第二周，你应该会说一些像"我"、"这个"、"你"、"那个"、"给"、"热"，像个孩子一样用这些简单的代词、名词、动词、形容词来沟通。
and by the third or fourth week, you"re getting into what i call glue words. ‘although," ‘but," ‘therefore," these are logical transformers that tie bits of a language together, allowing you to make more comple_ meaning。at that point you"re talking。
然后第三或第四周，你会进入我称为"胶水词"的这部分。 "虽然"、"但是"、"因此"，这些逻辑工具帮助你把语言的小块紧密地结合在一起，让你制造更多复杂的意思。在那个阶段，你已经进入说话的阶段了!
and when you"re doing that, you should get yourself a language parent. if you look at how children and parents interact, you"ll understand what this means. when a child is speaking, it"ll be using simple words, simple combinations, sometimes quite strange, sometimes very strange pronunciation and other people from outside the family don"t understand it. but the parents do.
当你这样做的时候，你应该给自己找位语言家长。如果你看看孩子和父母之间的互动，你会明白这个什么意思的。当一个孩子说话，它会用简单的词，简单的组合，而有时候会发生奇怪甚至是非常怪的声音，如果不是家里人根本就不懂它在说什么。 但是父母却知道。因此，孩子有个安全的环境，然后变得有自信。父母用孩子可以理解的身体语言和简单句子跟他们说话。
and so the kid has a safe environment, gets confidence. the parents talk to the children with body language and with simple language which they know the child understands. so we have a comprehensible input environment that"s safe, we know it works otherwise none of you would speak your mother tongue.so you get yourself a language parent, who"s somebody interested in you as a person who will communicate with you essentially as an equal, but pay attention to help you understand the message.
因此我们有一个很安全的可明白输入的环境。我们知道这个有用，不然的话我们都不会说自己的母语。因此你可以给自己找个语言家长，他是对你感兴趣的一个人，可以跟你沟通得上的，甚至专注于帮助你理解的同辈。
there are four rules of a language parent. spouses by the way are not very good at this, okay? but the four rules are, first of all, they will work hard to understand what you mean even when you"re way off beat.
语言家长有四个规则。 顺便说一下，配偶在这里没有那么好，明白吗? 那么 4 条规则是，第一，他们会尽可能地理解你的意思，哪怕你脱离节拍。
secondly, they will never correct your mistakes. thirdly they will feed back their understanding of what you are saying so you can respond appropriately and get that feedback and then they will use words that you know.
第二，他们从来不会纠正你的错误。第三，他们会理解你说的话并给出反馈，好让你适当地回应并获得反馈，并且他们也是说你知道的单词。
the si_th thing you have to do, is copy the face. you"ve got to get the muscles working right, so you can sound in a way that people will understand you. there"s a couple of things you do.
第六件事你需要做的就是，模仿面部表情。 你需要把肌肉部位用得准确，别人才可以听明白你发出的声音。 达到此目的，你需要做几件事情。
one is that you hear how it feels, and feel how it sounds which means you have a feedback loop operating in your face, but ideally if you can look at a native speaker and just observe how they use their face, let your unconscious mind absorb the rules, then you"re going to be able to pick it up. and if you can"t get a native speaker to look at, you can use stuff like this: [slides].
第一，听它是什么感觉的并感觉它是怎样发出声音的，从你的脸上获得反馈。如果条件理想的话，你可以看着母语者并观察他们的面部，让你下意识地吸收这些规则，然后你将能够获取到它。如果你没有母语者可以看着学习的话，你可以用像这样的东西。
and the final idea here, the final action you need to take is something that i call "direct connect." what does this mean? well most people learning a second language sort of take the mother tongue words and take the target words and go over them again and again in their mind to try and remember them. really inefficient.
最后一个行动是, 你需要"直接联系"。什么意思呢?大多数人学习外语几乎都是用母语的单词对照目标语言，反复地在心中念并尝试记住它们。这样做效率真的很低。你需要做的是意识到你所知道的事情在你的脑海里都有一个画面和感觉。
what you need to do is realize that everything you know is an image inside your mind, it"s feelings, if you talk about fire you can smell the smoke you can hear the crackling, you can see the flames, so what you do, is you go into that imagery and all of that memory and you come out with another pathway.so i call it ‘same bo_, different path.
如果你说到"火"，你可以闻到那个烟味，你可以听到那燃烧的爆裂声，你可以看到那火焰，所以你需要做的是进入那些意象和有关的所有的记忆力，然后从另一条通道出来。我把这叫做"殊途同归"(同一个盒子，不同的路)
you come out of that pathway, you build it over time you become more and more skilled at just connecting the new sounds to those images that you already have, into that internal representation.and over time you even become naturally good at that process, that becomes unconscious.
你从那条通道出来，你将建立这种技能并且越来越熟练地把新的声音连接到你心里已经知道的画面去。往后你甚至很擅长走这个过程，甚至是无意识的。
so, there are five principles that you need to work with, seven actions, if you do any of them, you"re going to improve。and remember these are things under your control as the learner. do them all and you"re going to be fluent in a second language in si_ months.
因此，你需要运用的那 5 个原则和 7 个行动，如果你运用其中任何一个，都将得到进步。并且记住，作为学习者，这些事情都在你的掌控之下。如果你做到以上全部，你将会在六个月内学会流利的外语。
thank you.
谢谢。
学会英语演讲稿 模板4
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学会拥抱别人，就是给自己温暖
演讲者：thandie newton
embracing otherness. when i first heard this theme, i thought, well, embracing otherness is embracing myself. and the journey to that place of understanding and acceptance has been an interesting one for me, and it"s given me an insight into the whole notion of self, which i think is worth sharing with you today.
拥抱他人，当我第一次听到这个主题时我觉得拥抱他人，就是拥抱我自己。对于我来说通往理解和接纳的路是十分有意思的，并且让我对"自我"这一概念有了深刻的理解 。我想这值得在今天和你们分享。
we each have a self, but i don"t think that we"re born with one. you know how newborn babies believe they"re part of everything; they"re not separate? well that fundamental sense of oneness is lost on us very quickly. it"s like that initial stage is over -- oneness: infancy, unformed, primitive. it"s no longer valid or real. what is real is separateness, and at some point in early babyhood, the idea of self starts to form.
我们都有一个自我但我并不认为这是与生俱来的。你看那些刚出生的小婴儿，他们认为自己属于任何事物，他们并不是脱离的。这种最基本的同一性，会很快从我们身上消失，如同最初始的状态已经结束。同一性：婴儿期 未成形的、原始的将不复存在 ，取而代之的是分离。在婴儿期的某一点，关于自我的意识开始萌芽。
our little portion of oneness is given a name, is told all kinds of things about itself, and these details, opinions and ideas become facts, which go towards building ourselves, our identity. and that self becomes the vehicle for navigating our social world. but the self is a projection based on other people"s projections. is it who we really are? or who we really want to be, or should be?
我们同一性的一小部分被赋予了一个名字 被告知关于它自己的任何事情 这些细节，观点和想法变成事实，这些都帮我们形成自我以及自己的身份。然后这个自我就成为一个工具，用来探索周围的这个世界，但是这个自我实际上是一个投影。以其他人的投影为基础 这就是真正的我们吗?是我们真正想成为，或者应该成为的人吗?
so this whole interaction with self and identity was a very difficult one for me growing up. the self that i attempted to take out into the world was rejected over and over again. and my panic at not having a self that fit, and the confusion that came from my self being rejected, created an_iety, shame and hopelessness, which kind of defined me for a long time.
在我成长过程中我一直都很难处理自我与身份之间的相互影响，那个我尝试着向周围的世界展示的自我，被一次又一次拒绝，因为没有一个合适的自我而带来的恐慌，以及因为被拒绝而产生的惶恐，引起了我的焦虑、羞愧还有无望。这些在很长一段时间里都限制了我。
but in retrospect, the destruction of my self was so repetitive that i started to see a pattern. the self changed, got affected, broken, destroyed, but another one would evolve -- sometimes stronger, sometimes hateful, sometimes not wanting to be there at all. the self was not constant. and how many times would my self have to die before i realized that it was never alive in the first place?
但当我回想过去对于自我的毁灭反复出现，我开始看出一些规律，一个自我被改变被影响、被打击破坏，但有一个新的会形成。有时更强、有时充满仇恨 、有时则根本不想出现，这个自我并不是恒定的。在我还没有意识到这个自我曾经从未存在时，我的"自我" 会死多少次呢?
i grew up on the coast of england in the "70s. my dad is white from cornwall, and my mom is black from zimbabwe. even the idea of us as a family was challenging to most people. but nature had its wicked way, and brown babies were born. but from about the age of five, i was aware that i didn"t fit. i was the black atheist kid in the all-white catholic school run by nuns.
我于上世纪七十年代生长在英格兰的海岸边，我父亲是来自康沃尔的白人，我母亲是来自津巴布韦的黑人。对于许多人来说是无论如何也想不到我们是一家人，但大自然自有意想不到的一面，棕色的孩子出生了。但自从五岁开始我就察觉出我的格格不入。我是一个信奉无神论的黑人孩子，在一个由修女运转的白人天主学校我是一个另类。
i was an anomaly, and my self was rooting around for definition and trying to plug in. because the self likes to fit, to see itself replicated, to belong. that confirms its e_istence and its importance. and it is important. it has an e_tremely important function. without it, we literally can"t interface with others. we can"t hatch plans and climb that stairway of popularity, of success.
我的自我在不断寻找一个定义并试图将自己套入定义，因为自我都是愿意去融入 。看到自己被复制，有归属感那能确认自我的存在感和重要性，这很重要。这有一个极端重要的功能，没有一个对自我的定义，我们简直不能和其他人交流。我们无法制定计划、无法爬上潮流和成功的阶梯。
but my skin color wasn"t right. my hair wasn"t right. my history wasn"t right. my self became defined by otherness, which meant that, in that social world, i didn"t really e_ist. and i was "other" before being anything else -- even before being a girl. i was a noticeable nobody.
但我的肤色不对、我的发色不对、我的来历不对， 我的自我被他人定义。这意味着在社会上我并不存在，我首先被定义为一个另类，甚至先于被定义为一个女孩。我是一个引人注意的没有人。
another world was opening up around this time: performance and dancing. that nagging dread of self-hood didn"t e_ist when i was dancing. i"d literally lose myself. and i was a really good dancer. i would put all my emotional e_pression into my dancing. i could be in the movement in a way that i wasn"t able to be in my real life, in myself.
在这个时候另一个世界出现了，那就是表演和舞蹈。对于自我纠缠不清的恐惧在我跳舞时并不存在，我像是失去了自己。我是一个好的舞蹈演员，我会把我所有的感情 投入到舞蹈中去。在舞蹈中我能完成我在现实中自己无法做到的动作。
and at 16, i stumbled across another opportunity, and i earned my first acting role in a film. i can hardly find the words to describe the peace i felt when i was acting. my dysfunctional self could actually plug in to another self, not my own, and it felt so good. it was the first time that i e_isted inside a fully-functioning self -- one that i controlled, that i steered, that i gave life to. but the shooting day would end, and i"d return to my gnarly, awkward self.
当我16岁时我无意中遇到另一个机遇，得到了我的第一个电影角色。我难以找到言语 来形容在表演中我感受到的平静，我那残缺的自我终于融入了不是我自己的另一个自我，这种感觉真好。那是我第一次存在于一个正常运作的自我、一个我可以控制的、可以操纵的、可以赋予生命的自我。但是拍摄的日子终会结束，我也会回到我那扭曲尴尬的自我。
by 19, i was a fully-fledged movie actor, but still searching for definition. i applied to read anthropology at university. dr. phyllis lee gave me my interview, and she asked me, "how would you define race?" well, i thought i had the answer to that one, and i said, "skin color." "so biology, genetics?" she said. "because, thandie, that"s not accurate. because there"s actually more genetic difference between a black kenyan and a black ugandan than there is between a black kenyan and, say, a white norwegian.
当我19岁时，我已经是一个羽翼丰满的电影演员，但却仍在寻找定义。我在大学里申请攻读人类学phyllis lee博士对我进行了面试，她问我："你怎样定义种族?" 嗯，我觉得我有答案，然后我说："肤色。" 她继续问道："也就是生物学基因上的差异?" "因为，桑迪，肤色并不准确。在一个黑皮肤的肯尼亚人和一个黑皮肤的乌干达人之间存在的基因差异，实际上超过在一个黑皮肤的肯尼亚人和一个比如说，白皮肤的挪威人之间的差异。
because we all stem from africa. so in africa, there"s been more time to create genetic diversity." in other words, race has no basis in biological or scientific fact. on the one hand, result. right? on the other hand, my definition of self just lost a huge chunk of its credibility. but what was credible, what is biological and scientific fact, is that we all stem from africa -- in fact, from a woman called mitochondrial eve who lived 160,000 years ago. and race is an illegitimate concept which our selves have created based on fear and ignorance.
因为我们都起源于非洲，所以在非洲更有可能产生基因多样性。" 换句话说种族这一说法，并没有生物学或科学基础一方面，这是结果对吗? 另一方面，我对自我的定义则失去了相当大一部分的可信度，可以相信的以及生物学和科学事实，就是我们都起源于非洲。实际上，起源于一个叫做线粒体夏娃的女人，她生活在十六万年前，种族是一个不合法的概念，是我们自己创造出来的基于恐惧和无知。
strangely, these revelations didn"t cure my low self-esteem, that feeling of otherness. my desire to disappear was still very powerful. i had a degree from cambridge; i had a thriving career, but my self was a car crash, and i wound up with bulimia and on a therapist"s couch. and of course i did. i still believed my self was all i was. i still valued self-worth above all other worth, and what was there to suggest otherwise?
奇怪的是，这些启示并没有治愈我那缺少的自尊，那种被划为另类的感觉。我渴望消失的想法依旧十分强烈。我有一个剑桥的学位，我的事业蒸蒸日上。但我的自我却如同一场车祸，最终我患上贪食症并接受治疗，我当然会这样，我依旧相信我的自我就是我的全部，我依旧认为自我价值高于其余任何价值。不然还能怎样呢?
we"ve created entire value systems and a physical reality to support the worth of self. look at the industry for self-image and the jobs it creates, the revenue it turns over. we"d be right in assuming that the self is an actual living thing. but it"s not. it"s a projection which our clever brains create in order to cheat ourselves from the reality of death.
我们创造了整个价值系统以及一个客观的现实，用以支持自我的价值，看看由个人形象带动的产业，还有它提供的工 以及它创造的价值。我们可能会假设这个自我是真实存在的，但我们错了。这只是一个投影，是由我们聪明的大脑创造出来的，来欺骗我们自己无需面对死亡的现实。
but there is something that can give the self ultimate and infinite connection -- and that thing is oneness, our essence. the self"s struggle for authenticity and definition will never end unless it"s connected to its creator -- to you and to me. and that can happen with awareness -- awareness of the reality of oneness and the projection of self-hood.
但总有一些事能赋予自我极无尽的联系 ，就是同一性我们的本源自我对于真实性和定义的挣扎永远不会停止，除非自我能够与创造者相连。与你，与我这和意识的觉醒一同存在意识到同一性的现实以及自我的投影。
for a start, we can think about all the times when we do lose ourselves. it happens when i dance, when i"m acting. i"m earthed in my essence, and my self is suspended. in those moments, i"m connected to everything -- the ground, the air, the sounds, the energy from the audience. all my senses are alert and alive in much the same way as an infant might feel -- that feeling of oneness.
一开始，我们可以想想那些我们失去自我的时候，当我跳舞时、表演时，我根植于我的本源，我的自我被抑制了在那些时刻。我与万物相连，大地、空气、声音、观众的能量，我的所有感官都是警觉和鲜活的如同一个婴儿感受到的一般，那种同一性的感觉。
and when i"m acting a role, i inhabit another self, and i give it life for awhile, because when the self is suspended so is divisiveness and judgment. and i"ve played everything from a vengeful ghost in the time of slavery to secretary of state in 20__. and no matter how other these selves might be, they"re all related in me. and i honestly believe the key to my success as an actor and my progress as a person has been the very lack of self that used to make me feel so an_ious and insecure.
当我表演一个角色时我进入了另一个自我。我在一段时间内赋予其生命当自我被抑制时它的多样性和判断也会一同被抑制。我出演过许多角色，从奴隶时代想要复仇的鬼魂，到20__年的国务卿。无论这些角色是多么的不同，他们全都与我相连。我诚恳地认为我作为一个演员能够成功的关键以及作为一个不断进步的人，是因为自我的缺失，这让我觉得非常焦虑和不安。
i always wondered why i could feel others" pain so deeply, why i could recognize the somebody in the nobody. it"s because i didn"t have a self to get in the way. i thought i lacked substance, and the fact that i could feel others" meant that i had nothing of myself to feel. the thing that was a source of shame was actually a source of enlightenment.
我总是在想为什么我能如此深切地感受到他人的痛苦，为什么我能辨认出一个被忽视的人，那是因为我没有一个自我挡在中间，我想我缺少一种介质我能够感受他人这个事实。说明我感受不到我自己这曾经导致了我的羞愧，其实是给我启蒙的源头。
and when i realized and really understood that my self is a projection and that it has a function, a funny thing happened. i stopped giving it so much authority. i give it its due. i take it to therapy. i"ve become very familiar with its dysfunctional behavior. but i"m not ashamed of my self. in fact, i respect my self and its function. and over time and with practice, i"ve tried to live more and more from my essence. and if you can do that, incredible things happen.
当我意识到并真正明白自我是一个投影，并有它自己的功能时，一件有意思的事发生了，我不再给我的自我过多的权利，我给它应得的回报，我带它去治疗，我已经非常熟悉自我的不正常运作了。但我并不为我的自我感到羞愧。事实上，我尊重我的自我 和它的功能，经过时间和练习，我不断尝试过一种顺从我的本源的生活。如果你能做到这一点，将会发生不可思议的事情。
i was in congo in february, dancing and celebrating with women who"ve survived the destruction of their selves in literally unthinkable ways -- destroyed because other brutalized, psychopathic selves all over that beautiful land are fueling our selves" addiction to ipods, pads, and bling, which further disconnect ourselves from ever feeling their pain, their suffering, their death.
二月份的时候我在刚果与那些自我曾遭受难以想象的毁灭的女人们一起跳舞庆祝，因为在那片美丽的土地上那些被残酷对待的心理变态的自我，正不断满足我们对于 ipod以及ipad等光鲜事物的瘾。这些更进一步阻碍我们去感受她们的痛苦、她们的遭遇、她们的死亡。
because, hey, if we"re all living in ourselves and mistaking it for life, then we"re devaluing and desensitizing life. and in that disconnected state, yeah, we can build factory farms with no windows, destroy marine life and use rape as a weapon of war. so here"s a note to self: the cracks have started to show in our constructed world, and oceans will continue to surge through the cracks, and oil and blood, rivers of it.
因为当我们都活在自己的世界里，并以为这就是生活。那我们就是在贬低生活的价值，并且变得越来越迟钝。在那样一个被隔断的状态里我们可以建造没有窗户的工厂、破坏海洋生命、把__视为战争的一种武器。这有一个对自我的建议在我们这个被构造的世界里已经开始出现裂缝，海水将持续不断从裂缝中涌出石油和鲜血，汇流成河。
crucially, we haven"t been figuring out how to live in oneness with the earth and every other living thing. we"ve just been insanely trying to figure out how to live with each other -- billions of each other. only we"re not living with each other; our crazy selves are living with each other and perpetuating an epidemic of disconnection.
关键在于我们尚未找出、怎样与地球和万物一起生活在同一性中我们一直在疯狂地寻找，怎样和数十亿的其他人一起生活，只是我们并非和其他人一起生活。我们疯狂的自我们在一起生活、与他人的隔断，也如同传染病一般蔓延。
let"s live with each other and take it a breath at a time. if we can get under that heavy self, light a torch of awareness, and find our essence, our connection to the infinite and every other living thing. we knew it from the day we were born. let"s not be freaked out by our bountiful nothingness. it"s more a reality than the ones our selves have created. imagine what kind of e_istence we can have if we honor inevitable death of self, appreciate the privilege of life and marvel at what comes ne_t. simple awareness is where it begins.
让我们生活在一起，歇一口气，慢慢来。如果我们能进入那沉重的自我，点燃一支觉察的火炬寻找我们的本源。我们和永恒以及万物的联系，我们从出生那天就知道的联系。我们无须因为大量的空虚而慌张，相比于我们创造出的那些这空虚更加真实。想像我们能有怎样的存在方式，当我们正视自我不可避免的死亡、感恩生命的权利，惊异于即将到来的事物这些都来自于简单的觉察。
thank you for listening.
感谢聆听!
《学会拥抱别人，就是给自己温暖》观后感
从小到大我的性格都是属于那种很要强的人，心中想要超越的对手就一定要决出胜负才肯罢休，并在那一阶段拼命似的努力，以此来打败自己的竞争对手，不论是好友还是莫不相识的人，都会被我视为仇敌般对待(当然，纯粹是正当竞争)，直到那一次，他改变了我内心这种想法……
那是在五年级的一次月考检测上，由于之前他学习刻苦努力，成绩一直保持在我的前方，就这样，不知是幸还是不幸他沦为了我的竞争对手，原本班中的双子星就在考试阴影的笼罩下慢慢开始出现了破碎的痕迹。考试前的星期日，他打电话让我去家里一起复习，在平时会很高兴答应的我此时却有些犹豫不决，在这关键时刻也许一起复习会有意外的效果，但，但他可是我的对手呀，不行，我决不可以和他一起进行，思考了片刻，语气有些怯生生地拒绝了他，虽经过他再三恳求可我仍没有心动，在挂下电话之前我听到了他重重地叹气声，顿时心生不安，是呀，拿别人的真诚去换自己的拒绝，真是一种不道义的行为，但为了超越他也是迫不得已的!
随着月考的过去，整个人的身心都放松了许多，可是在放松的同时又隐约有些紧张，右眼地时常跳动好像预示着我成绩得不理想。果然，语文试卷的作文写得有些跑题，致使这一科就比他拉下去好几十分，就算其它科考得再好也无法超过他了，望着窗外黑色的乌云，我真的意识到了我的错误，泪水不禁涌了出来，我连忙低下头偷偷拭去了眼角旁的眼泪，忽然我感到一只温暖的手扶在我的肩上，回头一看，原来是他，他安慰我说："没关系的，考不好不要紧，就是一次检测而已!哈哈。"看着他天真无邪的笑容，我拥抱了这位对手，而他也不仅仅是我的对手，还是我最好的朋友!
对手在一定意义上也是你的朋友，我们要珍惜这一段记忆，将如此幸运之事永久封存在大脑之中。
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简介：为什么有的人学了__年的英语还是开不了口?而另一些人却能迅速掌握一门外语?上世纪80年代，语言学家chris lonsdale来到中国，仅用6个月的时间他就能说出流利的普通话。他是怎么做到的?一起来听听他的学习方法吧!
have you ever held a question in mind for so long that it becomes part of how you think? maybe even part of who you are as a person? well i’ve had a question in my mind for many, many years and that is: how can you speed up learning? now, this is an interesting question because if you speed up learning you can spend less time at school. and if you learn really fast, you probably wouldn’t have to go to school at all.
now, when i was young, school was sort of okay but i found quite often that school got in the way of learning so i had this question in mind: how do you learn faster? and this began when i was very, very young, when i was about eleven years old i wrote a letter to researchers in the soviet union, asking about hypnopaedia, this is sleep learning, where you get a tape recorder, you put it beside your bed and it turns on in the middle of the night when you’re sleeping, and you’re supposed to be learning from this.
a good idea, unfortunately it doesn’t work. but, hypnopaedia did open the doors to research in other areas and we’ve had incredible discoveries about learning that began with that first question. i went on from there to become passionate about psychology and i have been involved in psychology in many ways for the rest of my life up until this point. in 1981 i took myself to china and i decided that i was going to be native level in chinese inside two years.
now, you need to understand that in 1981, everybody thought chinese was really, really difficult and that a westerner could study for ten years or more and never really get very good at it. and i also went in with a different idea which was: taking all of the conclusions from psychological research up to that point and applying them to the learning process. what was really cool was that in si_ months i was fluent in mandarin chinese and took a little bit longer to get up to native. but i looked around and i saw all of these people from different countries struggling terribly with chinese, i saw chinese people struggling terribly to learn english and other languages, and so my question got refined down to: how can you help a normal adult learn a new language quickly, easily and effectively?
now this a really, really important question in today’s world. we have massive challenges with environment we have massive challenges with social dislocation, with wars, all sorts of things going on and if we can’t communicate we’re really going to have difficulty solving these problems. so we need to be able to speak each other’s languages, this is really, really important.
the question then is how do you do that. well, it’s actually really easy. you look around for people who can already do it, you look for situations where it’s already working and then you identify the principles and apply them. it’s called modelling and i’ve been looking at language learning and modelling language learning for about fifteen to twenty years now.
and my conclusion, my observation from this is that any adult can learn a second language to fluency inside si_ months. now when i say this, most people think i’m crazy, this is not possible. so let me remind everybody of the history of human progress, it’s all about e_panding our limits.
in 1950 everybody believed that running one mile in four minutes was impossible and then roger bannister did it in 1956 and from there it’s got shorter and shorter. 100 years ago everybody believed that heavy stuff doesn’t fly. e_cept it does and we all know this. how does heavy stuff fly? we reorganise the materials using principles that we have learned from observing nature, birds in this case. and today we’ve gone ever further, so you can fly a car. you can buy one of these for a couple hundred thousand us dollars. we now have cars in the world that can fly. and there’s a different way to fly that we’ve learned from squirrels. so all you need to do is copy what a flying squirrel does, build a suit called a wing suit and off you go, you can fly like a squirrel.
no, most people, a lot of people, i wouldn’t say everybody but a lot of people think they can’t draw. however there are some key principles, five principles that you can apply to learning to draw and you can 2 actually learn to draw in five days. so, if you draw like this, you learn these principles for five days and apply them and after five days you can draw something like this. now i know this is true because that was my first drawing and after five days of applying these principles that was what i was able to do. and i looked at this and i went ‘wow,’ so that’s how i look like when i’m concentrating so intensely that my brain is e_ploding. so, anybody can learn to draw in five days and in the same way, with the same logic, anybody can learn a second language in si_ months.
how: there are five principles and seven actions. there may be a few more but these are absolutely core. and before i get into those i just want to talk about two myths, dispel two myths. the first is that you need talent. let me tell you about zoe. zoe came from australia, went to holland, was trying to learn dutch, struggling a great deal and finally people were saying: ‘you’re completely useless,’ ‘you’re not talented,’ ‘give up,’ ‘you’re a waste of time’ and she was very, very depressed. and then she came across these five principles, she moved to brazil and she applied them and within si_ months she was fluent in portuguese, so talent doesn’t matter.
people also think that immersion in a new country is the way to learn a language. but look around hong kong, look at all the westerners who’ve been here for ten years, who don’t speak a word of chinese. look at all the chinese living in america, britain, australia, canada have been there ten, twenty year and they don’t speak any english. immersion per se doesn’t not work, why? because a drowning man cannot learn to swim. when you don’t speak a language you’re like a baby and if you drop yourself into a conte_t which is all adults talking about stuff over your head, you won’t learn.
so, what are the five principles that you need to pay attention to; first: the four words, attention, meaning, relevance and memory, and these interconnect in very important ways. especially when you’re talking about learning. come with me on a journey through a forest. you go on a walk through a forest and you see something like this. little marks on a tree, maybe you pay attention, maybe you don’t. you go another fifty metres and you see this. you should be paying attention. another fifty metres, if you haven’t been paying attention, you see this.
and at this point, you’re paying attention. and you’ve just learned that this is important, it’s relevant because it means this, and anything that is related, any information related to your survival is stuff that you’re going to pay attention to and therefore you’re going to remember it. if it’s related to your personal goals then you’re going to pay attention to it, if it’s relevant you’re going to remember it. so, the first rule, the first principle for learning a language is focus on language content that is relevant to you. which brings us to tools. we master tool by using tools and we learn tools the fastest when they are relevant to us.
so let me share a story. a keyboard is a tool. typing chinese a certain way, there are methods for this. that’s a tool. i had a colleague many years ago who went to night school; tuesday night, thursday night, two hours each night, practicing at home, she spent nine months, and she did not learn to type chinese. and one night we had a crisis. we had forty eight hours to deliver a training manual in chinese. and she got the job, and i can guarantee you in forty eight hours, she learned to type chinese because it was relevant, it was important, it was meaningful, she was using a tool to create value. so the second tool for learning a language is to use your language as a tool to communicate right from day one.
as a kid does. when i first arrived in china i didn’t speak a word of chinese, and on my second week i got to take a train ride overnight. i spent eight hours sitting in the dining care talking to one of the guards on the train, he took an interest in me for some reason, and we just chatted all night in chinese and he was drawing pictures and making movements with his hands and facial e_pressions and piece by piece by piece i understood more and more. but what was really cool, was two weeks later, when people were talking chinese around me, i was understanding some of this and i hadn’t even made any effort to learn that.
what had happened, i’d absorbed it that night on the train, which brings us to the third principle. when you first understand the message, then you will acquire the language 3 unconsciously. and this is really, really well documented now, it’s something called comprehensible input and there’s twenty or thirty years of research on this, stephen krashen, a leader in the field has published all sorts of these different studies and this is just from one of them. the purple bars show the scores on different tests for language. the purple people were people who had learned by grammar and formal study, the green ones are the ones who learned by comprehensible input. so, comprehension works. comprehension is key and language learning is not about accumulating lots of knowledge. in many, many ways it’s about physiological training.
a woman i know from taiwan did great at english at school, she got a grades all the way through, went through college, a grades, went to the us and found she couldn’t understand what people were saying. and people started asking her: ‘are you deaf?’ and she was. english deaf. because we have filters in our brain that filter n the sounds that we are familiar with and they filter out the sounds of languages we’re not. and if you can’t hear it, you won’t understand it and if you can’t understand it, you’re not going to learn it. so you actually have to be able to hear these sounds. and there are ways to do that but it’s physiological training. speaking takes muscle. you’ve got forty-three muscles in your face, you have to coordinate those in a way that you make sounds that other people will understand.
if you’ve ever done a new sport for a couple of days, and you know how your body feels? and it hurts? if your face is hurting you’re doing it right. and the final principle is state. psycho-physiological state. if you’re sad, angry, worried, upset, you’re not going to learn. period. if you’re happy, rela_ed, in an alpha brain state, curious, you’re going to learn really quickly, and very specifically you need to be tolerant of ambiguity. if you’re one of those people who needs to understand 100% every word you’re hearing, you will go nuts, because you’ll be incredibly upset all the time, because you’re not perfect. if you’re comfortable with getting some, not getting some, just paying attention to what you do understand, you’re going to be fine, you’ll be rela_ed and you’ll be learning quickly.
so based on those five principles, what are the seven actions that you need to take? number one: listen a lot. i call it brain soaking. you put yourself in a conte_t where you’re hearing tons and tons of a language and it doesn’t matter if you understand it or not. you’re listening to patterns, you’re listening to things that repeat, you’re listening to things that stand out. so, just soak your brain in this. the second action: is that you get the meaning first, even before you get the words. you go well how do i do that, i don’t know the words, well, you understand what these different postures mean. human communication is body language in many, many ways, so much body language.
from body language you can understand a lot of communication, therefore, you’re understanding, you’re acquiring through comprehensible input. and you can also use patterns that you already know. if you’re a chinese speaker of mandarin and cantonese and you go vietnam, you will understand 60% of what they say to you in daily conversation, because vietnamese is about 30% mandarin, 30% cantonese. the third action: start mi_ing. you probably have never thought of this but if you’ve got ten verbs, ten nouns and ten adjectives you can say one thousand different things.
language is a creative process. what do babies do? okay: me. bat(h). now. okay, that’s how they communicate. so start mi_ing, get creative, have fun with it, it doesn’t have to be perfect it just has to work. and when you’re doing this you focus on the core. what does that mean? well any language is high frequency content. in english 1000 words covers 85% of anything you’re ever going to say in daily communication. 3000 words gives you 98% of anything you’re going to say in daily conversation. you got 3000 words, you’re speaking the language. the rest is icing on the cake. and when you’re just begging with a new language start with the tool bo_. week number one in your new language 4 you say things like: ‘how do you say that?’ ‘i don’t understand,’ ‘repeat that please,’ ‘what does that mean,’ all in your target language. you’re using it as a tool, making it useful to you, it’s relevant to learn other things about the language. it’s by week two that you should be saying things like: ‘me,’ ‘this,’ ‘you,’ ‘that,’ ‘give,’ you know, ‘hot,’ simple pronouns, simple nouns, simple verbs, simple adjectives, communicating like a baby. and by the third or fourth week, you’re getting into what i call glue words. ‘although,’ ‘but,’ ‘therefore,’ these are logical transformers that tie bits of a language together, allowing you to make more comple_ meaning. at that point you’re talking.
and when you’re doing that, you should get yourself a language parent. if you look at how children and parent interact, you’ll understand what this means. when a child is speaking, it’ll be using simple words, simple combinations, sometimes quite strange, sometimes very strange pronunciation and other people from outside the family don’t understand it. but the parents do. and so the kid has a safe environment, gets confidence. the parents talk to the children with body language and with simple language which they know the child understands. so we have a comprehensible input environment that’s safe, we know it works otherwise none of you would speak your mother tongue. so you get yourself a language parent, who’s somebody interested in you as a person who will communicate with you essentially as an equal, but pay attention to help you understand the message. there are four rules of a language parent. spouses by the way are not very good at this, okay? but the four rules are, first of all, they will work hard to understand what you mean even when you’re way off beat.
secondly, they will never correct your mistakes. thirdly they will feed back their understanding of what you are saying so you can respond appropriately and get that feedback and then they will use words that you know. the si_th thing you have to do, is copy the face. you got to get the muscles working right, so you can sound in a way that people will understand you. there’s a couple of things you do. one is that you hear how it feels, and feel how it sounds which means you have a feedback loop operating in your face, but ideally if you can look at a native speaker and just observe how they use their face, let your unconscious mind absorb the rules, then you’re going to be able to pick it up. and if you can’t get a native speaker to look at, you can use stuff like this: [slides]. and the final idea here, the final action you need to take is something that i call “direct connect.” what does this mean? well most people learning a second language sort of take the mother tongue words and take the target words and go over them again and again in their mind to try and remember them. really inefficient. what you need to do is realise that everything you know is an image inside your mind, it’s feelings, if you talk about fire you can smell the smoke you can hear the crackling, you can see the flames, so what you do, is you go into that imagery and all of that memory and you come out with another pathway.
so i call it ‘same bo_, different path.’ you come out of that pathway, you build it over time you become more and more skilled at just connecting the new sounds to those images that you already have, into that internal representation. and over time you even become naturally good at that process, that becomes unconscious. so, there are five principles that you need to work with, seven actions, if you do any of them, you’re going to improve. and remember these are things under your control as the learner. do them all and you’re going to be fluent in a second language in si_ months. thank you.
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one day, god said to a priest: ‘come, and i want to take you to see the hell." they entered a room where so many people were sitting around a cooking pot. they looked at it but no one wants to say or do anything. they felt not only hungry but also disappointed .everyone has a spoon. but the handle of the spoon were too long for the food to be sent into their mouths.
"come, now i want to take you to the heaven. "god took the priest to the heaven and entered another room. this room was the same as the first one. there were so many people sitting around a cooking pot, and the handles of their spoon were as long as those of the first group of people. there was nothing different but the atmosphere. people here drank and ate, speaking and laughing. the priest felt puzzled and asked god. god answered with a smile. "can’t you see? people in the second room here learnt to feed each other " the priest suddenly saw the light.
this story tells us that we should learn to share and give, and develop the good habit of loving and helping one another. the niggards who we saw in the hell would rather make themselves hungry than share with others.
as a british poet said:" taken away love, our earth would be a grave. sharing is an idea state, a wisdom and distillation. sharing love, happiness and sadness is all that we need. there are so many people who don’t want to share with others .wwhatever they do they will think about themselves first. these people can never understand the real meaning of sharing. people are always imagining that they can live a good life in the heaven .because of imagination, we always feel we are far away from the heaven .in fact, the heaven is not far away from us .
